Issues and debates

Question 1

Types of gender bias

Answer 1

Alpha

Beta

Question 2

Alpha bias

Answer 2

Theories assume there are real and enduring differences between men and women.
Exaggerating the differences between men and women.

Question 3

Beta bias

Answer 3

Exaggerating the similarities between men and women.
Minimising gender differences.
Assumes all people are the same.
Reasonable to apply research to men and women.

Question 4

Male behaviour as normal and female behaviour as inferior

Answer 4

Androcentrism

Question 5

Ethnocentric research

Answer 5

Based on one culture.

Results are then generalised to other cultures.

Question 6

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 6

When the psychologist takes their own culture as the norm and compares it to others.

Question 7

Two main difficulties in cross-cultural research

Answer 7

Interpretation of conclusions.

Lack of replicability.

Question 8

Possible factors that guide behaviour

Answer 8

Biology and genes
Decisions and intentions
Past behaviour
Social influence

Question 9

Concept of determinism

Answer 9

All behaviour is a predetermined effect of some cause

Question 10

3 types of determinism

Answer 10

Psychic
Environmental
Biological

Question 11

Five approaches to psychology

Answer 11

Psychodynamic
Biological 
Cognitive 
Behaviourist
Humanistic

Question 12

Factors that influence behaviour - biological approach

Answer 12

Genetics
Hormones
Brain structure

Question 13

Freud

Answer 13

Psychodynamic approach

Question 14

Psychic determinism

Answer 14

Behaviour is determined by unconscious forces

Question 15

Two main ways of viewing scientific research

Answer 15

Holism

Reductionism

Question 16

Holism

Answer 16

Human behaviour can’t be broken down into smaller parts.

Question 17

Reductionism

Answer 17

Human behaviour can be broken down into its simplest constituent parts