Issues and Debates

Question 1

Milgrams study issues and debates

Answer 1

Ethical issues negative:

Deception
Distress
Feeling of no right to withdraw
Shocks

Question 2

Freud’s psychodynamic theory issues and debates

Answer 2

Reductionism negative:

Does not consider biological factors

Question 3

Cognitive psychology issues and debates

Answer 3

Scientific issues positive;

Mainly conducted in laboratory with controlled extraneous variables

Question 4

Types of issues

Answer 4

• ethical issues
• practical issues in the design
• comparing explanations
• cultural and gender issues
• how psychological understanding developed over time
• use of social control
• use of psychological knowledge in society
• socially sensitive research

Question 5

Types of debates

Answer 5

• reductionism
• psychology as a science
• nature-nurture

Question 6

Ethical issues

Answer 6

Protection of humans and animals involved in research

Public face of psychology

Question 7

BPS code of ethics and conduct

Answer 7

Respect
Competence
Responsibility
Integrity

Question 8

Ethics in animal research

Answer 8

Scientific procedures
Home office regulations
The 3 R’s
Justifying animal research

Question 9

The 3 R’s

Answer 9

Replacement
Reduction
Refinement

Question 10

Practical issues in research

Answer 10

• validity
• reliability
• generalisablity

Question 11

Reductionism

Answer 11

Taking every variable into account to create a conclusion that is not reductionist or reductionist when necesary

Question 12

Advantages of reductionism

Answer 12

• simplicity: helps understand better
• led to great discoveries
• easier to study

Question 13

Disadvantages of reductionism

Answer 13

• ignores interactions

* overlooks complexities

Question 14

Comparing explanations

Answer 14

Comparing different explanations for the same topic

Example: Aggression, Memory, behavior in social context, Reward

Question 15

Comparing explanations: memory

Answer 15

• multi-store model of memory, working memory model, episodic semantic memory, case studies, dyslexia, alzheimers
• building up of memory depending on development of synapses
• learning theories
• key question social psychology

Question 16

Psychology as a science

Answer 16

Must contain:

Replicability
Reliability
Validity
Reductionism 
Falsification 
Hypothesis testing
Controls
Credibility
Empiricism
Objectivity
Predicability

Question 17

Cultural and gender bias

Answer 17

When giving diagnosis, psychologist must think of cultural differences and gender

Question 18

Gender issues studies

Answer 18

• bandura et al 1961
• brendgen et al 2005
• milgram 2961
• tajfel et al 1971
“Sherif et al 1954-1961

Question 19

Nature- nurture

Answer 19

Is it due to nature or nurture or both?

Question 20

How psychological understanding developed over time

Answer 20

Important to take into account when making conclusions or trying to understand the circumstances of a study

Question 21

Use of social control

Answer 21

Regulation of individual or group behaviors as a method of enforcing conformity and compliance to establish norms or expectations

Question 22

Use of psychological knowledge in society

Answer 22

Can ve used to help or educate people, example key questions

Question 23

Issues related to socially sensitive research

Answer 23

Ensure research doesn’t offend the public, have a negative impact in society or affects the face of psychology