Issues 1.6

Question 1

Ethical Issue

Answer 1

Issues referring to what is morally right or wrong, not legally

Question 2

Key points in Ethical Issues

Answer 2

-losing/changing jobs
-Efficiency: robots work 24/7.
-Access to IT is not equal (digital divide).
-Invasion of privacy.
-Responsibility for content on the internet.

Question 3

Cultural Issues

Answer 3

how a group of people with particular ideas, beliefs, behaviours are affected

Question 4

Key points for cultural issues

Answer 4

-Censorship to prevent political unrest and preserve culture.
-Geography & economy of a country affects access to networks and power.
-Increased mobile technology impacts on how people communicate: cyberbullying.
-Social pressure to keep up

Question 5

Legal Issues

Answer 5

what is right and wrong in the eyes of the law

Question 6

Key points for legal Issues

Answer 6

-Copyright and ownership of digital content
-different laws in different countries (crime may be committed in a certain country, but the people committing the crime could be physically located in another)
-hacking, piracy

Question 7

environmental issues

Answer 7

how the natural world in impacted

Question 8

Key points for environmental Issues

Answer 8

-Manufacturing computers uses fossil fuels.
-Limited number of natural resources.
-Data centres use 2% of global energy.
-Computers contain hazardous materials, often shipped to other countries for disposal.

Question 9

privacy issues

Answer 9

how personal and sensitive data is protected from misuse or unauthorised access

Question 10

Key points for privacy issues

Answer 10

-Increase in always on, voice activated devices in the home
-Rise in CCTV
-Rise in social networking and GPS tracking
-Rise in face recognition

Question 11

stakeholder

Answer 11

someone with an interest in a business

Question 12

internet censorship

Answer 12

when someone tries t control what other people can access on the internet

Question 13

computer surveillance

Answer 13

the act of monitoring what people are accessing on the internet

Question 14

why do countries use internet cencorship

Answer 14

-to protect children from inappropriate websites
-to restrict access to websites which are critical of the government

Question 15

why do countries use computer surveillance

Answer 15

to look out for phrases that might alert them of illegal activities like terrorism

Question 16

how to governments carry out computer surveillance

Answer 16

-government intelligence agencies monitor internet traffic and look out for key phrases or words
-ISPs may keep records of all websites visited by all its customers for a certain amount of time

Question 17

open source software

Answer 17

-software where the source code is freely available
-users can legally modify source code and create their own spin-off software and be shared (under same licence and terms as original software)

Question 18

advantages of open source software

Answer 18

-free
-software can be adapted to fit a user’s needs
-can be more creative and innovative due to wider pool of collaborators
-issues with popular software are quickly solved by the community

Question 19

disadvantages of open source software

Answer 19

-can be limited support (warranty, user documentation, customer support)
-small projects may not get regular updates and can be buggy or unpatched security holes

Question 20

proprietary software

Answer 20

-software that is copyrighted, and only the compiled code is released
-users cannot modify, copy or redistribute the software
-usually paid for

Question 21

advantages of proprietary software

Answer 21

-comes with support (warranty, user documentation, customer support)
-will be tested and reliable (regular updates and fixes)
-features that extend the software’s facilities can be available

Question 22

disadvantages of proprietary software

Answer 22

-can be expensive
-cannot be adapted to fit the user’s needs, as it cannot be edited
-companies may not maintain older software after warranty expires

Question 23

Data Protection Act 2018

Answer 23

Data should be:
1. processed for the purpose clearly stated
2. relevant and not excessive
3. accurate and up-to-sate
4. kept only for as long as necessary
5. secure
6. held in countries only agreed by the ICO (information commissioner’s office)

Question 24

Computer Misuse Act of 1990

Answer 24

It is illegal to:
1. gain unauthorised access to data stored on a computer
2. access data on a computer in order to commit further criminal activity
3. unauthorised modification of computer material

Question 25

Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988

Answer 25

1. It is illegal to copy, modify or distribute software, music, video or other intellectual property without permission of the author

Question 26

Data Protection Regulation - Your Rights

Answer 26

1. Right to access data
2. Right to have data corrected
3. Right to data erasure(to be forgotten)
4. Right to restrict processing
5. Right not to be used for marketing

Question 27

why do copyrights last longer than patents

Answer 27

c opyrights tends to be on more creative things that do not have as significant of an impact on daily lives, and patents are more applicable