1.6 New

Question 1

issues that technology has

Answer 1

-legal issues
-ethical issues
-cultural issues
-environmental issues
-privacy issues

Question 2

legal issue

Answer 2

a problem or dispute concerning the interpretation, application or violation of laws

Question 3

examples of legal issues

Answer 3

-copyright
-cybersecurity
-data protection

Question 4

ethical issue

Answer 4

-a situation that raises questions about what is right and wrong
-calls in a persons own morals and values as there is often a lack of an easy answer and decisions can have consequences for yourself and others

Question 5

examples of ethical issues

Answer 5

-digital divide
-algorithmic bias
-intellectual property
-automation

Question 6

digital divide

Answer 6

-inequality between those who have access to technology and those who do not
-created by increasing reliance on computers

Question 7

algorithmic bias

Answer 7

-using algorithms in decision-making can unintentionally promote unfair biases, leading to discriminatory outcomes

Question 8

who does algorithmic biases affect

Answer 8

-job seekers
-loans
-criminal justice

Question 9

intellectual property

Answer 9

-ease of digital copying and distribution raises ethical questions about protecting intellectual property
-digital piracy can lead to significant revenue lost for creators

Question 10

automation

Answer 10

automation of tasks through computers raises ethical concerns about job losses and the potential loss of livelihood for workers

Question 11

cultural issues

Answer 11

an issues that relates to the impact of technology on the nature and culture of society

Question 12

advances in technology that have changed the way people lead their lives

Answer 12

-online shopping
-on-demand streaming
-navigation
-gaming
-social media
-remote working

Question 13

examples of cultural issues in computing

Answer 13

-digital divide
-landscape of employment
-cencorship

Question 14

digital divide examples (cultural issue)

Answer 14

-access limited by geography
-cost
-lack of education in technology limits employment
-confidence to use new technologies(older generations)

Question 15

landscape of employment

Answer 15

the advancement of technology has changed the way people work(from home)

Question 16

positive cultural impact of remote work

Answer 16

-work life balance
-global collaboration
-diversity and inclusion(no barriers from geography)

Question 17

negative impacts of remote work

Answer 17

-social isolation
-communication
-boundaries(no boundaries between work and personal time, leads to burnout of time mismanagement)

Question 18

cencorship

Answer 18

restricting access to online content based on different beliefs of what is acceptable or harmful can lead to social unrest
-preservers cultural identity and tradition but can stifle cultural expression and diversity

Question 19

environmental issues

Answer 19

-issue caused by manufacturing and use of computers that has a negative impact on the environment
-more manufacturing of technology as time goes on

Question 20

examples of environmental issues in computing

Answer 20

-natural resources
-energy consumption (increase in demand for 24/7 access to web servers and data centres)
-throw-away society(rapid disposal of devices, pollution as more devices are produced, distributed and disposed, and waste in landfill

Question 21

privacy issues in computing

Answer 21

an issues that comes from collecting, access or using personal information without consent or control

Question 22

examples of privacy issues in computing

Answer 22

-face recognition (who is watching and what else is being watched)
-GPS (where is the data kept, who has access to it and is it being used for any other purposes)
-internet monitoring by social media companies on content, and by companies and schools (concerns about free speech, potential abuse by authorities controlling monitoring systems and biased algorithms leading to censorship and privacy issues)

Question 23

data protection act

Answer 23

law that protects personal data from being misused

Question 24

-principles of the data protection act

Answer 24

1. personal data must be fairly and lawfully processed
2. personal data must be collected for specified and lawful purposes
3. personal data must be adequate, relevant and not excessive
4. personal data must be kept accurate and up to date
5. personal data will not be kept for longer than is necessary
6. personal data must be processed in line with people’s rights

Question 25

when are people exempt from the data protection act

Answer 25

-domestic purposes -law enforcement -intelligence service processing

Question 26

computer misuse act

Answer 26

concerns the malicious use of computers -created to make sure that computer hacking was covered within the law

Question 27

offences under the computer misuse act

Answer 27

1. unauthorised access to a computer materials 2. unauthorised access with intent 3. unauthorised modification of computer files

Question 28

copyright and patents act

Answer 28

-protects the intellectual property of an individual ort a company -makes it illegal to copy, modify or distribute software or other intellectual property without the relevant permission -copyright automatically applied to work for 25-70 years after death of the creator, depending on the type of work -creator has to take action if they have been copied

Question 29

primary breaches under copyright, designs and patent act

Answer 29

Copying an original work Issuing the copy of the original work to the public Renting/lending the copy of the original work to the public Performing, showing or playing the original work in public Making an adaptation of the original work

Question 30

Secondary breaches under copyright, designs and patent act

Answer 30

Importing a copy of original work Possessing or dealing with a copy of the original work Providing means to make copies of the original work Permitting the use of premises for making copies of the original work Provision of props/equipment for a performance of a copy of the original work

Question 31

software licence

Answer 31

a legal agreement that lays out rules for how software can and cannot be used

Question 32

features of open source software

Answer 32

-access to source code -usually free -may be able to edit and distribute

Question 33

features of proprietary software

Answer 33

-costs money -produced by 'professional' companies -more regular official updates

Question 34

advantages of open source

Answer 34

allows collaboration with other people who may want the same modifications -less buggy versions of the software may appear faster -usually free, good for companies with limited budgets -generally strong social support

Question 35

disadvantages of open source

Answer 35

-relies on support of other users -to edit the code, knowledge is needed -may not receive regular updates -could be open to exploitation through users adding malicious code

Question 36

advantages of proprietary software

Answer 36

-generally free customer support -created to professional standards -reliable?

Question 37

disadvantages of proprietary software

Answer 37

-cost can be big -limited expansion -relies on one company -may not fully meet the need of the customer

Question 38

Advantage of proprietary software for the programmer

Answer 38

-authors can make money by selling for a fee or using licences to stop authorised use -no one can see the code so users cannot edit the software and cannot be shared -more control over intellectual property