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Computer Science > 1.5 New > Flashcards

1.5 New Flashcards

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1
Q

operating system

A

-provides an interface between the user and hardware in a computer system
-hides complexities of the hardware from the user

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2
Q

main functions of operating systems

A

-provides user interface
-memory management and multitasking
-peripheral management and device drivers
-user management
-file management

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3
Q

user interface

A

how the user interacts with the operating system

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4
Q

command line interface features

A

-requires users to interact with operating system using text based commands
-for advanced users

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5
Q

graphical interface features

A

requires users to interact with the operating system using visual elements (WIMP)
-optimised for mouse and touch gesture input

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6
Q

menu interface features

A

-successive menus presented to a user with a single option at each stage
-often performed with buttons or a keypad

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7
Q

natural language interface

A

-uses spoken word to respond to spoken or textual inputs from the user

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8
Q

advantages of command line

A

Uses less system resources

Useful for automation of tasks

Commands are often faster to type than navigating menus

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9
Q

disadvantages of command line

A

Requires users to remember commands

Typing errors are common

Less intuitive than GUI

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10
Q

advantages of graphical user interface

A

Intuitive and user-friendly

Requires no previous knowledge to use

Information is visual, making it easier to understand

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11
Q

disadvantages of graphical user interface

A

Uses more system resources

Can be slower to find and execute commands

Can be frustrating when doing repetitive tasks

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12
Q

advantages of menu interface

A

Simplicity

Efficiency

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13
Q

disadvantages of menu interface

A

Limited flexibility

Accessibility issues

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14
Q

advantages of natural language

A

Can be used by people with disabilities

Intuitive

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15
Q

disadvantages of natural language

A

Not always reliable

Privacy concerns

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16
Q

how does the operating system manage memory

A

-allocates RAM between different programs open at the same time
-copies programs and data from secondary to primary storage as needed
-programs and data require different amounts of RAM to operate efficiently, OS manages this
-RAM allocated on priority and fairness(e.g. OS has more priority)
-dynamically manages memory, adjusting allocation as needed to maintain system performance
-makes multitasking possible
-virtual memory

17
Q

multitasking

A

process made possible by the OS simultaneously managing system resources to give the user the perception of being able to use multiple programs at the same time

18
Q

how does OS carry out multitasking

A

splits tasks and allocates system resources based on a priority
-CPU only executes one instruction at a time, executes billions of them in one second
-makes it appear that multiple programs are running at the same time

19
Q

What is peripheral management

A

process carried out by the operating system managing the way peripherals interact with software

20
Q

how does OS manage peripherals

A

-OS allocates system resources to peripherals to ensure efficient operating
-makes plug-and-play possible, automatically detecting and configuring new peripherals without the need for manually installing device drivers

21
Q

device driver

A

piece of software used to control a piece of hardware

22
Q

relevance of device drivers with peripheral management

A

-peripherals require device drivers in order to be used by the OS
-OS has generic drivers built in, allows basic compatibility and PnP
-separate device driver must be downloaded from manufacturer for hardware to be used to fully
-device drivers are OS specific and regularly updated

23
Q

User management

A

-process carried out by the operating system enabling different users to log onto a computer
-OS maintains settings for individual users
-system administrator allocates different access rights for different users on a network

24
Q

file management

A

-process carried out by the OS creating, organising, manipulating and accessing files and folders on a computer system
-OS manages where data is stored in both primary and secondary storage
-OS allows users to control who can access, modify and delete files
-provides search facility to find specific files based on various criteria

25
Q

examples of file managements the user can do

A

-create files
-name files
-rename files
-copy files
-move files
-delete files

26
Q

utility software

A

-designed to maintain, enhance and troubleshoot/repair a computer system
-performs a limited number of tasks
-some comes installed with the operating system

27
Q

defragmentation

A

groups fragmented files back together in order to improve access speed

28
Q

how does a hard disk become fragmented

A

as programs and data are added to a hard disk, it is added in order, over time as files are deleted this leaves gaps
-as programs are added over time these gaps get filled and data becomes fragmented/split up

29
Q

how does a disk becoming unfragmented make it faster

A

-files on the hard disk are moved
-empty spaces are collected together
-files are moved to be stored together
-fewer disc accesses are needed

30
Q

compression

A

reduces the amount of secondary storage required b performing an algorithm on the original data

31
Q

encryption

A

the process of scrambling data using an algorithm from plain-text into cipher-text in order to make it unreadable to users without the master key

32
Q

task manager

A

software built into the operating system to allow users to monitor system resources in order to help troubleshoot potential problems

33
Q

what system information does the task manager give

A

-processes
-performance
-app history
-start-up apps
-users
-services

34
Q

what does a full back up do

A

copies every file and all data

35
Q

incremental backup

A

only copies files and data that have changed
-can only be done once a full backup has been completed
-reduces time taken to backup each time
-reduces secondary storage to backup each time

Computer Science (12 decks)

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