Isosmrs And Crbonyls Flashcards
How does carbon dioxide cause global warming
The C=o absorbs infrared radiation
The infrared radiation is emitted by the earth so it doesn’t escape
Why doesn’t NaBH4 reduce alkenes (2)
The H- is attracted to the delta positive carbon
In alkanes there is no delta positive carbon and the region of high electron density of C=C repels the H-
Why is chloriethanedioic acid a stronger acid that enthandioic acid (2)
Cl is an electron withdrawing group
Which weakens the OH bond
So can be donated more easily
Stereosimer
Isomers with same structural formula but different arrangmtn of atoms in space
Enabatiomers
2 compounds that are optical isomers of each other (non superimposeable mirror images )
What are optical isomers like
Same physical and chemical properties
Rotate plane polarised light by same amount but in opposite directional
Why can’t racemic mixtures be detected by polar meters
50:50 amount of each isomer
Each rotate by equal amounts in opposite directions so there is no overall effect
Reactions that form race mates (2)
Unsymmetrical Alkene with HBr
Nucleophilic addition of HCN to aldehydes and unsymmetrical ketone
Strength of carboxylic acids change
Bigger chain is more electron releasing alkyl groups so less stable as it’s more negative
How does the strength of carboxylic acids differ with halogens
Halogens are electron withdrawing so they make it less negative and more stable
3 uses esters
Perfume
Flavourings
Non toxic (both) and volatile also no reaction with water (perfume)
Plasticisers for polymers
Acid hydrolysis problem
Reversible so low yield and mixture of products
Base hydrolysis esters - products
Salt of carboxylic acid and alcohol
Add acid to turn it to carboxylic acid
3 uses glycerol
Cosmetics
Food
Glue
Formation of biodiesel
Fats (oils and veg) (esters)
Reacts with methanol
Form methyl ester (the biodielse)
And glycerol
