Isomers

Question 1

Isomers

Answer 1

Molecules that have the same formula but differ in structure.

• Structural Isomers
• Stereoisomerism

Question 2

Structural isomers

Answer 2

Atoms bonded together in different orders, leading to differences in chemical properties.

• Chain
• Position
• Functional

Question 3

Chain structural isomers

Answer 3

Different arrangement of a molecules carbon skeleton.

/\/ ↔ >-

Question 4

Position structural isomers

Answer 4

Different position of the same functional group in the molecule.
=/\/\ ↔ \/=/\

Question 5

Functional Structural isomers

Answer 5

Differing positions of atoms give a different functional group.
OH
O=< ↔ \o/=\/\o/=\
\/=/\

Question 6

Stereoisomers

Answer 6

Isomers that have the same composition and order of connection but differ in orientation in space.

• Geometric
• Optical

Question 7

Geometric stereoisomers

Answer 7

Only with doble bonds. 
Different substituents around a bond with restricted rotation.
H            Cl        Cl             Cl
   >C=C<      ↔       >C=C<
Cl            H        H              H
   Trans - E              Cis - Z
Have to be two different molecules.

Question 8

Optical stereoisomers

Answer 8

Carbon atom connected to 4 different substituents (chiral carbon) and are mirrored. Not all parts of the molecule need to be mirrored.
CH3 CH3
H - C - OH ↔ HO - C - H
Cl Cl