Chemical Bonds

Question 1

Intramolecular bonds

Answer 1

1. Ionic bond
(ΔEN ≥ 2)
2. Covalent bonding
a) Non-polar covalent bond
(ΔEN < 0.5)
b) Polar covalent bond
(2 > ΔEN > 0.5)
EN: Electronegativity

Question 2

Intermolecular bonds

Answer 2

Interact, not connect.
In order of strength: 
1. Ion – Ion interaction
2. Hydrogen bonds
3. Dipole – Dipole interactions
4. London dispersion forces  
(hydrogen bonds are a type of dipole-dipole interactions).

Question 3

1. Ion-Ion interaction

Answer 3

Strongest
Attractive forces between ions with opposite charges.
Force that holds together ionic compounds.

Question 4

2. Hydrogen bonds

Answer 4

Second strongest
When hydrogen is bonded with oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine.
In order of strength:
O-H
N-H
F-H
Provide many of the life sustaining properties of water and stabilize the structures of protein and DNA.

Question 5

3. Dipole-Dipole interactions

Answer 5

3rd strongest.
Partially positively charged part of a molecule containing polar-covalent bonds interacts with the partially negatively charged part of neighboring molecule.

Question 6

4. London dispersion forces

Answer 6

Weakest.

Exists between all kinds of molecules, ionic or covalent, polar or non-polar.

Question 7

Rank intermolecular bonds in order of volatility

Answer 7

Volatile: Substance with low boiling point.
From high to low volatility:
C-C > C-N > C-O > N-H > O-H

Question 8

Rank intermolecular bonds in order of boiling points.

Answer 8

High to low:
O-H > N-H > C-O > C-N > C-C
The more C-C bonds the higher the boiling point.
/\/\/\/\ > /\/\/ >/\/

Question 9

Rank intermolecular bonds in order of solubility in water.

Answer 9

High to low:
O-H > N-H > C-O > C-N > C-C
The fewer the C-C bonds the more soluble it is in water.
/\/\ > /\/\/\ > /\/\/\/