Isomerism Flashcards

1
Q

isomerism

A

phenomenon of existing 2 or more molecules with same molecular formula, but different structural formulas and diff phy and chem props

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2
Q

isomers

A

molecules that have same molecular formula but differ in properties and arrangement of atoms in the molecule

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3
Q

structural isomerism

A

arises from difference in arrangement atoms within the molecule and is independent of position of atom in the space around the molecule

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4
Q

classification of structural isomerism

A
chain
position
functional group
metamerism
tautomerism
ring chain
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5
Q

classification of isomerism

A

structural

stereo

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6
Q

chain or nuclear isomerism

A

diff arrangement of C atoms in a C chain

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7
Q

position isomerism

A

diff position of atoms or groups in C chain which remains intact in isomers

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8
Q

functional group

A

have different func grps and thus belong to homologous series

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9
Q

metamerism

A

isomers are formed when 2 valencies of a hetero atom are satisfied by diff alkyl grps

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10
Q

tautomerism

A

isomers are co existing in eqm

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11
Q

ring chain isomerism

A

arises from diff in modes of linkages of C chains to get straight chain and cyclic isomers

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12
Q

geometrical isomers

A

possess the same structural formula but differ in their spatial arrangement of atoms or groups around double bond

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13
Q

stereo isomerism

A

same structural formula but differ in spatial arrangement within the molecule

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14
Q

2 types of configurational isomerism

A

geometrical

optical

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15
Q

2 types of stereo isomers

A

configurational

confirmational

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16
Q

optical activity

A

phenomenon of rotating the plane polarized light

17
Q

dextro rotatory, laevo rotatory

A

dextro: rotates plane polarized light to right
laevo: to left

18
Q

chiral C atom

A

4 valencies are satisfied by diff atoms and grps

19
Q

enantiomers

A

optically active isomers form non super imposable mirror imgs

20
Q

conditions of optical isomerism

A

1) molecule shouldnt have plane of symmetry

2) should not super impose on mirror img

21
Q

characteristics of enantiomers

A

1) identical props in all respects except in interaction with plane polarized light
2) identical chem props but differ in reactivity with optical active reagents
3) diff bio props

22
Q

diastereomers

A

stereoisomers which are not mirror imgs of a compound

23
Q

racemic mixture

A

equimolecular mixture of dextro and laevo forms of an optically active substance

24
Q

resolution of racemic mixture

A

separating d and l forms from mixture

25
conformational isomerism
isomerism arising from the diff in conformation of the isomers
26
2 forms of conformation
staggered | eclipsed
27
types of projections of conformation
seahorse newman haworth fischer
28
proximal
front C atom in newman projection
29
distal
back atom in newman projection
30
2 forms in which cyclohexane can exist
boat form | chair form
31
why do substituents larger than H generally suffer greater steric crowding when they are oriented axial rather than equatorial
axial bonds are parallel to each other
32
2 principles of conformation in cyclohexane
1) chair conformations are generally more stable 2) substituents on chair conformers prefer to occupy equatorial positions due to increased steric hinderance of axial locations
33
conformation
shape that a molecule can adopt due to the rotation around one or more single bonds
34
angle strain
strain due to deviation from one or more ideal bond angles
35
torsional strain
strain caused by van der Waals repulsion which can be reduced or eliminated by rotation around a single bond