Island and Ocean Biogeography

Question 1

Which statement is the best description of the species-area curve?

Answer 1

It shows that species increase with island area

Question 2

According to the graph, which island is the largest in area?

Answer 2

Cuba

Question 3

The best explanation of why large islands contain more species is that __________________.

Answer 3

larger islands have more available niches in a larger habitat, which can support more species

Question 4

Why do more distant islands have fewer species?

Answer 4

distant islands can only be colonized by species with the best dispersal abilities

Question 5

Which statement is the best explanation of the model of island biogeography?

Answer 5

as an island increases in species richness, the extinction rate decreases

Question 6

Why are many island species particularly vulnerable to invasive species

Answer 6

island species are often specialists with no evolved defenses against pathogens

Question 7

t/f kelp is the only plant that has evolved to live fully in the ocea

Answer 7

f

Question 8

t/f the Arctic Ocean is the shallowest of all oceans and has an abundance of photosynthetic organisms that grow on the continental shelf region there

Answer 8

f

Question 9

t/f coral is considered to be an animal

Answer 9

t

Question 10

t/f upwelling decreases the amount of nutrients being stirred up in the oceans

Answer 10

f

Question 11

t/f the oceans cover approximately 71% of Earth’s surface

Answer 11

t

Question 12

t/f the lack of sunlight in the arctic regions causes sea creatures to migrate north to where the sun still shines

Answer 12

f

Question 13

What is Island biogeography

Answer 13

the study of how species are distributed and interact on an island
-larger islands contain more species than smaller islands (species area curve)

Question 14

why do larger islands contain more species than smaller ones

Answer 14

-more common
-can support more species
-more biotic and abiotic features

Question 15

Extinction

Answer 15

-distance between habitats and source of colonizing species affects species richness
-only select species can disperse long distances

Question 16

Model of island biogeography

Answer 16

rate of colonization: new species to an island
rate of extinction: species living on island (they are already there)

equilibrium:when the rate of colonization is offset by the rate of extinction
-immigration down, extinction up
-immigration up, extinction down

Question 17

Why are islands subject to invasive species

Answer 17

-many species have evolved into specialists
-less interaction with other species; less defense
-species can lose abilities needed for survival; flying

Question 18

In the 1950’s, _______ would allow us to produce maps revealing many features such as _______, trenches, _______, mid-ocean ridges, and ________. The oceans can be divided into ___ distinct levels based on elevation. The first level is called the _____. In the abyssal plain life persists here but without ______ all life is limited to what organic matter drifts down from _____ leaving this as by far the Earth’s _____ and emptiest ________. The second level is called the _______, which sunlight enters allowing _________ to work their magic and serve as a foundation for a much more productive environment. Most life must cling to the _______ shelf regions.

Answer 18

soundings; sea mounts; atolls; continental shelves; 2; abyss; sunlight; above; largest; ecosystem; photo zone; photosynthesizers; coastal line

Question 19

______ occur where members of the same population become ____ by some geographical obstacle evolve apart only to come back together as two completely _____ species.

Answer 19

Ring species; divided; different

Question 20

Is there a geographic separation between ocean ecosystems?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

t/f The Arctic Ocean is the shallowest of all oceans but no large photosynthetic organisms can grow on the continental shelf there

Answer 21

t

Question 22

______ are microscopic organisms that float in the water column soaking in the _____ to produce ______. Then _______ will eat the phytoplankton. This energy transfer creates the standard model of ocean life

Answer 22

Phytoplankton; light; energy; zooplankton

Question 23

t/f phytoplankton can not photosynthesize without sunlight

Answer 23

t

Question 24

the lack of sunlight in the arctic regions causes sea creatures to migrate ____ to where the ____ still shines. They will eventually enter the _____ latitudes where ice is not an issue a photosynthesizer can establish themselves

Answer 24

south; sun; temperate

Question 25

what does kelp provide marine life?

Answer 25

provides them niches

Question 26

t/f kelp broadens the productive base of the entire ecosystem

Answer 26

t

Question 27

The only way to really distinguish between different marine environments is to look at their ______ producers

Answer 27

primary

Question 28

why can’t kelp grow in tropical waters?

Answer 28

tropical waters are nutrient poor

Question 29

coral aren’t plants or algae but are _____. Coral can gather more _______ which allow it to survive in tropical waters.

Answer 29

animals; nutrients

Question 30

what gives coral the competitive edge over kelp?

Answer 30

coral has a symbiotic and zoozlely relationship (can eat and photosynthesize and can gather more nutrients)

Question 31

t/f upwelling helps to stir up nutrients from deep in the ocean?

Answer 31

t

Question 32

_____ is the only plant that has evolved to live fully in the ocean

Answer 32

sea grass