Biodiversity Quiz Flashcards
we will lose about __ of the present species richness by the middle of the century
20%
there are _ ways the biodiversity is crucial to us: ___, ____, ____
3; direct services, indirect services, and aesthetic/ethical
what are four things we get from biodiversity
food, clothing, shelter, and energy
diverse food comes from ___ ecosystems. There are wild types of ____ growing in ____. these tomatoes are different from what we typically eat and hold some ____ diversity within them. When these tomatoes are bred with tomatoes we have now, the ____ from the hybrid tomatoes can go up close to ___.
diverse; tomatoes; Peru; genetic; yield; 50%
Another direct service provided by biodiversity is ____. We still build houses today made of ____. The _________ is a plant that grows in some very secluded environments in _____. This plant produces several chemicals that are used to treat _____.
shelter; trees; rosy periwinkles; Madagascar; childhood leukemia
What are some of the services provided by mangrove trees
Protects coastline, nurseries for organisms, provides food
In certain parts of the world, people are destroying mangroves to make _________. the idea behind this is that they are adding _____ to that part of the coastline by producing a commercially viable product
shrimp fisheries; economic value
How does this value of the undisturbed mangrove swamp compare to that of the shrimp fisheries?
3-4x of the value than the shrimp fisheries.
Which of the U.S. city had an issue with the quality of its source water?
New York City.
There are ____ feeding into the NYC area and the ____ of the water are being compromised by ____ and _________. This was causing _____ to be lost in some areas.
rivers; source; pollution; environmental degradation; biodiversity
How much would it cost NYC to build treatment plants? and then another ____ a year to ____ them
6 billion; 300 million; maintain
____ are places for the recycling and removal of dangerous chemicals from water and for clarifying and cleaning water. The cost to use wetlands to take care of the degradation problem was ____ spread over __ years. By doing this you will enhance the quality of the water but you will also enhance the ______/______ effect which might be the most important. The values ere come in what we leave for the _____.
wetlands; 1 billion; 10 years; aesthetic / ethical; future
Tropical Rainforest
found: up and lowlands
-oldest major vegetation type still present on Earth
4 realms in the tropics (spoke abt three): afrotropical, neotropical, and indomalayn realm
Afrotropical: more dry and seasonal
Mainland Africa, Madagascar, scattered islands
Neotropical: home to Amazon, largest tropical forest
South America, Central America, Caribbean Islands
Indomalayan Realm: rapid growth pop. caused a slow decline in trop. rainforests
India, Sri Lanka, Mainland Asia, Southeast Asia
Weather/climate:
-rainfall all year long (79-394 in)
-does not experience seasons
-hit at a 90 deg angle, aids plant growth
-temp: 74-94 deg F
Environment:
4 layered vegetative structure:
1) emergent layer: larger trees, few but small animals live here, exposed to the weather
2) canopy layer: dense layer of vegetation, provides shelter, flora and fauna live here.
3) understory layer: smaller and younger trees and shrubs, darker and less wind/rain, humid.
4) forest floor: floor, darkest and most humid, most populated with animals
biodiversity:
genetic: trees diversified
species: high, 15k+ plant species
ecosystem: high, known as the ecoregion
population bottleneck: mountain gorilla
due to over hunting and habitat destruction
specialist and generalist:
poison dart frog (specialist)
jaguar (generalist)
human impact: loss of biodiversity
-deforestation
-fragmentation (process of breaking things down into smaller or separate parts)
-over-exploitation, invasive species, and climate change
Tundra
Location:
-Coldest biome
-below ice caps in the Arctic
-ice caps extend across North America
2 types: arctic and alpine
Climate:
-very cold
-little precipitation (similar to desert)
-10 in of rain
- -40 deg C to 18 deg C
Biodiversity:
genetic: low (climate condition)
species: low (climate conditions)
habitat: low (climate conditions) but a variety of plans and few animals live in the tundra
1.7k types of plants (flowers, shrubs, grasses)
falcons, salmon, arctic foxes, caribou
ecosystem: low (climate conditions)
animals:
reindeer
arctic wolf
snowy owl
Coral Reef
where:
-found in (sub)tropical waters
-Australia, Indonesia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, and the Maldives
living conditions:
-semi-tropical waters
-reef building corals can not tolerate water under 64 deg F
-Primary growth water temp: 73-84 deg F
Biodiversity:
Genetic: very diverse
-provide a habitat and home for several animals and species
-Home to 25% of all marine life, occupies 1%< of the ocean
-home to more than 1 million species of plants and animals
specialist:
-sea turtles, clownfish, seahorses
Generalist:
-surgeonfish, sea urchin, starfish
Human effects:
-75% of the world’s coral is threatened
cause: over-tourism
-urine and sunscreen
Temperate Forests
Location:
-moderate climates and distinct seasons
-Eastern US, Canada, Western and Central Europe, etc
Climate:
-4 distinct seasons
-cold winters
-warm summers
-precipitation: moderate rainfall (30-60 inches)
-average temperature:
-autumn: 50-70 deg F
-summer: 70-85 deg F
-winter: 20-40 deg F
Biodiversity:
Genetic: high
various trees (oaks, maples, pines)
lots of birds
Species: high
deer, squirrels, owls, and mushrooms
Habitat: high
wetlands, streams, and old-growth forests
Ecosystem: high
Wildlife:
Generalist: american black bear, white tail deer
Specialist: woodpecker, spotted owl
Plant life: oak, ferns, maple, wildflowers
Human impact:
Deforestation, urbanization, pollution
