Biodiversity Quiz Flashcards
we will lose about __ of the present species richness by the middle of the century
20%
there are _ ways the biodiversity is crucial to us: ___, ____, ____
3; direct services, indirect services, and aesthetic/ethical
what are four things we get from biodiversity
food, clothing, shelter, and energy
diverse food comes from ___ ecosystems. There are wild types of ____ growing in ____. these tomatoes are different from what we typically eat and hold some ____ diversity within them. When these tomatoes are bred with tomatoes we have now, the ____ from the hybrid tomatoes can go up close to ___.
diverse; tomatoes; Peru; genetic; yield; 50%
Another direct service provided by biodiversity is ____. We still build houses today made of ____. The _________ is a plant that grows in some very secluded environments in _____. This plant produces several chemicals that are used to treat _____.
shelter; trees; rosy periwinkles; Madagascar; childhood leukemia
What are some of the services provided by mangrove trees
Protects coastline, nurseries for organisms, provides food
In certain parts of the world, people are destroying mangroves to make _________. the idea behind this is that they are adding _____ to that part of the coastline by producing a commercially viable product
shrimp fisheries; economic value
How does this value of the undisturbed mangrove swamp compare to that of the shrimp fisheries?
3-4x of the value than the shrimp fisheries.
Which of the U.S. city had an issue with the quality of its source water?
New York City.
There are ____ feeding into the NYC area and the ____ of the water are being compromised by ____ and _________. This was causing _____ to be lost in some areas.
rivers; source; pollution; environmental degradation; biodiversity
How much would it cost NYC to build treatment plants? and then another ____ a year to ____ them
6 billion; 300 million; maintain
____ are places for the recycling and removal of dangerous chemicals from water and for clarifying and cleaning water. The cost to use wetlands to take care of the degradation problem was ____ spread over __ years. By doing this you will enhance the quality of the water but you will also enhance the ______/______ effect which might be the most important. The values ere come in what we leave for the _____.
wetlands; 1 billion; 10 years; aesthetic / ethical; future
Tropical Rainforest
found: up and lowlands
-oldest major vegetation type still present on Earth
4 realms in the tropics (spoke abt three): afrotropical, neotropical, and indomalayn realm
Afrotropical: more dry and seasonal
Mainland Africa, Madagascar, scattered islands
Neotropical: home to Amazon, largest tropical forest
South America, Central America, Caribbean Islands
Indomalayan Realm: rapid growth pop. caused a slow decline in trop. rainforests
India, Sri Lanka, Mainland Asia, Southeast Asia
Weather/climate:
-rainfall all year long (79-394 in)
-does not experience seasons
-hit at a 90 deg angle, aids plant growth
-temp: 74-94 deg F
Environment:
4 layered vegetative structure:
1) emergent layer: larger trees, few but small animals live here, exposed to the weather
2) canopy layer: dense layer of vegetation, provides shelter, flora and fauna live here.
3) understory layer: smaller and younger trees and shrubs, darker and less wind/rain, humid.
4) forest floor: floor, darkest and most humid, most populated with animals
biodiversity:
genetic: trees diversified
species: high, 15k+ plant species
ecosystem: high, known as the ecoregion
population bottleneck: mountain gorilla
due to over hunting and habitat destruction
specialist and generalist:
poison dart frog (specialist)
jaguar (generalist)
human impact: loss of biodiversity
-deforestation
-fragmentation (process of breaking things down into smaller or separate parts)
-over-exploitation, invasive species, and climate change
Tundra
Location:
-Coldest biome
-below ice caps in the Arctic
-ice caps extend across North America
2 types: arctic and alpine
Climate:
-very cold
-little precipitation (similar to desert)
-10 in of rain
- -40 deg C to 18 deg C
Biodiversity:
genetic: low (climate condition)
species: low (climate conditions)
habitat: low (climate conditions) but a variety of plans and few animals live in the tundra
1.7k types of plants (flowers, shrubs, grasses)
falcons, salmon, arctic foxes, caribou
ecosystem: low (climate conditions)
animals:
reindeer
arctic wolf
snowy owl
Coral Reef
where:
-found in (sub)tropical waters
-Australia, Indonesia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, and the Maldives
living conditions:
-semi-tropical waters
-reef building corals can not tolerate water under 64 deg F
-Primary growth water temp: 73-84 deg F
Biodiversity:
Genetic: very diverse
-provide a habitat and home for several animals and species
-Home to 25% of all marine life, occupies 1%< of the ocean
-home to more than 1 million species of plants and animals
specialist:
-sea turtles, clownfish, seahorses
Generalist:
-surgeonfish, sea urchin, starfish
Human effects:
-75% of the world’s coral is threatened
cause: over-tourism
-urine and sunscreen
Temperate Forests
Location:
-moderate climates and distinct seasons
-Eastern US, Canada, Western and Central Europe, etc
Climate:
-4 distinct seasons
-cold winters
-warm summers
-precipitation: moderate rainfall (30-60 inches)
-average temperature:
-autumn: 50-70 deg F
-summer: 70-85 deg F
-winter: 20-40 deg F
Biodiversity:
Genetic: high
various trees (oaks, maples, pines)
lots of birds
Species: high
deer, squirrels, owls, and mushrooms
Habitat: high
wetlands, streams, and old-growth forests
Ecosystem: high
Wildlife:
Generalist: american black bear, white tail deer
Specialist: woodpecker, spotted owl
Plant life: oak, ferns, maple, wildflowers
Human impact:
Deforestation, urbanization, pollution
Deserts
Climate:
-dry
-10in< of rain
-specialized vegetation, vertebrate and invertebrate
Diff types of deserts:
-hot and dry deserts: very hot
-semiarid deserts: very hot and dry but receive little rain during winters.
-coastal desert: dry but not hot, cool winters warm summers
-cold deserts: long cold winters, snow falls during winter season
Location:
Hot/dry: N. and C. america, south america, southern asia, africa, and australia
semiarid- N. america, europe, n. asia
costal- chile and s. america
cold- Antarctica, greenland, and parts of n. america
Biodiversity:
-genetic: low (isolated deserts)
population bottleneck in desert is caused by a metapopulation dynamic
metapopulation dynamic: the extinction and colonization of local population
-species: high
plants, animals, insects, birds
-habitat: high
warm climate, large number of species, lots of food sources
-ecosystem: low
-lack of water, high temps, dry
specialist:
sand cats, jerboa, meerkats, desert bighorn sheep, ring-tailed cat
generalist:
insects, birds, amphibians
human impact:
tourism, wildfires, climate change, overgrazing and overcultivation
Taiga
Abt them:
-characterized by coniferous forests of pines and spruces and is the largest land biome is the world
-North hemisphere region
-referred to as boreal or snow forests
weather:
-climate:
summer: mild, wet
winter: cold
-precipitation: high
-10-30 in
-avg temps:
summer: 59-68 deg F
winter: 26.6 deg F
avg temp per yr: 32 deg F
Biodiversity:
-species: high (bering land bridge)
-genetic: high (greatest in comparison to other biomes)
-habitat and ecosystem: low (dominated with coniferous trees and few species of plants are found)
specialist: canadian lynx, red fox, long eared owl
generalist (keystone): salmon, mosquitos
population bottleneck: saiga antelope
Human impact: loss of biodiversity
deforestation, climate change, urbanization
T/F: Temperate forests are very common is the Eastern United States and Western Europe.
T
In which location would you expect to find the highest levels of biodiversity?
Indonesia
T/F: Scientists estimate there are a total of 10,000,000,000 species on the planet.
f
Which of the following would be considered a generalist?:
skunk
parrot
koala bear
all of the above
skunk
Which of the following statements is true concerning biodiversity?
it is the diversity of life forms in an environment and is crucial to population survival
it does not include the diversity of life forms in an environment and is crucial to population survival
none of the answers listed are correct
it is the diversity of life forms in an environment and is not crucial to population survival
it is the diversity of life forms in an environment and is crucial to population survival
What is the main criteria when determining if a biome is a desert?
precipitation
Using your notes on converting hectares to acres, solve the following: If an arboretum is 176 hectares, what is its size in acres?
440 acres
t/f: there are two main types of taigas; arctic and alpine
f
The virus ebola would be a ________________.
specialist
Which biome is also referred to as a boreal forest?
taiga
which of the following is not true concerning genetic diversity
if a large population declines and the genetic diversity by the surviving population increases, this will cause a population bottleneck
larger populations have larger variations in their populations
it is the measure of genetic variation in a population
temperate forest have a higher genetic diversity than taigas
if a large population declines and the genetic diversity by the surviving population increases, this will cause a population bottleneck
If you had an area with a mixture of temperate forests, river systems, ocean systems, and a desert; you would have a high ecosystem biodiversity.
true
Which of the following is not one of the major biodiversity scales?
species diversity
biome diversity
habitat diversity
ecosystem diversity
biome diversity
Which of the following is true concerning “species evenness?”
it refers to the number of species in an area and is crucial for human survival
it is concerned with the relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a given area
it is not a good indicator as to if there is a dominant species
all of the answers listed are correct
it is concerned with the relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a given area
Which of the following would be considered a specialist?
raccoon
white tailed deer
poison dart frog
bears
poison dart frog
Which of the following species would best represent a “specialist” in a certain habitat?
COVID-19 virus
White tailed deer
Parrots
Field mice
parrots
Which of the following species would be considered a “generalist?”
Polar Bears
Bacteria
Freshwater Alligators
Panda Bears
bacteria
In which location would you expect to find the highest levels of species biodiversity?
Inland Australia
Northern Africa - Morocco, Egypt, Libya
Central America - Belize, Nicaragua, Honduras
Northern Canada and Alaska
Central America - Belize, Nicaragua, Honduras
Which of the following species endured what is known as a population bottleneck?
tigers
jaguars
leopards
cheetahs
cheetahs
For years, scientists have debated whether greater biodiversity provides greater ecosystem benefits. Researchers have conducted experiments in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and have found that food webs with greater number of species _____________________________________.
produce less energy than ecosystems on land
none of the answers listed are correct
have higher overall productivity
have lower overall productivity
have higher overall productivity
Which of the following statements is true?
None of the statements listed are true.
A greater diversity of habitats supports a greater diversity of species.
Habitats diversity is the variety of habitats that exist in a given biome.
A greater diversity of habitats supports a lower diversity of species.
A greater diversity of habitats supports a greater diversity of species.
If biodiversity rapidly declines in an area, what can you conclude is true?
revels that an ecosystem is getting very complex
reveals that specialist species are growing in population
reveals than an ecosystem is thriving
reveals that an ecosystem is under stress
reveals that an ecosystem is under stress
