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ECE Environmental Science > ENVIRONMENTAL FINAL - Unit 1 > Flashcards

ENVIRONMENTAL FINAL - Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Environment

A

sum of all conditions that influence life

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2
Q

Environmental Science

A

field of study that looks at human/nature interactions

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3
Q

Biotic

A

living components in an environment

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4
Q

Abiotic

A

non-living components in an environment

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5
Q

Sustainability

A

being able to do something without jeopardizing future generations from doing the same activities

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6
Q

Theory

A

a hypothesis that has repeatedly been confirmed and accepted

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7
Q

First Law of Thermodynamics

A

states that energy is not created nor destroyed but can change form

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8
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

states when energy is transformed, the quantity does not change, but the ability to do work diminishes

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9
Q

Independent Variable

A

variable not dependent on other measured factors

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10
Q

Dependent Variable

A

variable dependent on other measured factors

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11
Q

What are the four “big ideas” in Environmental Science?

A

-Energy transfer
-Interactions between Earth’s systems
-Interactions between different species and environment
-Sustainability

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12
Q

Energy transfer

A

ex: food chains, webs

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13
Q

interactions between Earth’s systems

A

ex: carbon exists in many forms due to the bio-geochemical cycle (CO2 and in living organisms) - levels fluctuate as population increases

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14
Q

Interactions between different species and environment

A

ex: species on Earth have interacted for 4.5 million years, humans the past 2.5 - impacts especially with agriculture

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15
Q

sustainability

A

idea of doing things now to not jeopardize the ability of future generations to do similar things

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16
Q
A
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16
Q

systems within systems

A

the boundaries of an environmental system can be defined by a researchers point of view (or personal viewpoints)

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17
Q

What is an environment

A

sum of all conditions surrounding us that influence life; some natural and some man made
made up of:
-ecosystems, biomes, biotic, and abiotic components
-heavily impacted by human behavior

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18
Q

Why is environmental science interdisciplinary

A

-it borrows from other fields of science

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19
Q

General example of human influence

A

-Convert land from natural state
-change chemistry of water, air, soils (fertilizers)
-change species populations positively and negatively
-technology improvements
-climate change
-population growth

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20
Q

zoonotic disease

A

spreads from animals to humans and vice versa

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21
Q

covid-19 and environmental science

A

-zoonotic disease
-decreased birth rates (rates of birth per thousand people)

-educated us on how humans impact natural environment

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22
Q

how did covid-19 impact the natural environment

A

1) less materials used during the pandemic
2) lower CO2 emissions mitigating climate change
3) return of wildlife

23
Q

Positive human impacts

A

1) simple home tasks
-unplug devices not in use
-avoid long showers
-regulate ac/heat usage
-turn off light

2) outdoors
-plant trees
-carpool, bike, walk
-no litter
-use homegrown food

3) government
-pass laws to protect environment
-make renewable energy affordable
-unite to reach a common goal
-provide education

24
Q

what is the approximate world population

A

7.8 billion

25
Q

what is the approximate us population

A

332 million

26
Q

what is the approximate population of CT

A

3.6 million

27
Q

factors that control population

A

exponential growth:
-technology
-medical advances
-improved farming

limiting factors:
-disease/pollution
-crime/conflict
-resource shortage
-competition

28
Q

most populous countries? (1-3)

A

1) china
2) india
3) usa

29
Q

population density

A

number of living things (humans) in a unit area; most cases a square mile or square kilometer

30
Q

why are population densities so concentrated and not spread out more across the globe

A

proximity to water - trade access
limits effects of drought and famine
more fertile farmland
less extremes of heat

31
Q

after heart disease, what is the second biggest killer worldwide for humans

A

infectious disease

32
Q

in 2010, worldwide there were 20.3 births and 8.4 deaths per 1,000 individuals. Using this data, calculate the population growth (in percent) for the world in 2010.

A

1.19%

33
Q

According to your reading, the U.S. average life expectancy is ___ years.

A

78

34
Q

___________ is the movement of people into another country or region.

A

immigration

35
Q

If you were to study the demographics of a region, what would you be studying?

A

human population and population trends

36
Q

What has caused the life expectancy in the United States to decrease by 1-2 years over the past few years?

A

covid-19

37
Q

t/f Migration is a factor in determining global populations.

A

false

38
Q

If a country has a high life expectancy rate and the infant mortality rate is low, what can you conclude about this country?

A

adequate access to health care

39
Q

t/f Infant mortality rates are lower in developed countries and higher in developing countries.

A

true

40
Q

The _____ is the sum of all conditions that influence life

A

environment

41
Q

once a reading on the AQI reaches _____, it is considered unhealthy

A

150

42
Q

What characterizes a disease as zoonotic

A

it spreads through a vector like a mosquito

43
Q

sustainability is ___________________

A

allowing an environment to do things without jeopardizing future generations

44
Q

environmental science is ______________ because it borrows ideas from other sciences

A

interdisciplinary

45
Q

what type of atmospheric pattern set up to draw smoke from the canadian wildfires south

A

omega block

46
Q

which of the following is not considered one of the big ideas in environmental science

energy transfer
sustainability
interactions between extinct species and levels of carbon in the air
interactions between humans and the environment

A

interactions between extinct species and levels of carbon in the air

47
Q

a rock would be an example of a(n) ________ factor in an environment

A

abiotic

48
Q

which of the following is true concerning the covid-19 pandemic and the environment

A

co2 levels dropped on average but not enough to reverse the damage done by previous co2 emissions

49
Q

immigration is ________________________

A

the movement of people into another country or region

50
Q

which of the following would a demographer study

A

human population and population trends

51
Q

__________ is the number of deaths per 1000 individuals per year

A

Crude death rate

52
Q

__________ is the number of births per 1000 individuals per year

A

Crude birth rate

53
Q

which factor will generally lead to a higher light expectancy in a region

A

better health care

54
Q

___________ is the difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1000 people in a country

A

Net migration rate

55
Q

_________ is the process of converting old material into new material

A

recycling

ECE Environmental Science (26 decks)

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