ISLAM Flashcards
Two types of Muslims
Sunni and Shia
Sunnis
Makes up 85-90% of Muslims
Muhhammed
The founder of Islam— Allah revealed the Qur’an to him.
The next four caliphs (leaders) when Muhhamed died
Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali
Difference between Shias and Sunnis
Sunnis accepted the next Caliph after Ali died ad the Sh’ias followed Ali’s descendants.
Six articles of faith in Sunni Islam
- Belief that Allah is the one and only God (Tawhid)
- Belief in angels
- Belief in holy books
- Belief in Allah’s prophets
- Belief in the Day of Judgement
- Belief that Allah knows and decides everything that’s going to happen
Five articles of Faith in Shi’a Islam
- Belief that Allah is the one and only God
- Belief in divine justice
- Belief in prophethood
- Belief in authority
- Belief in the Day of Resurrection
Key Sunni Beliefs
- No one after Muhhamed received the knowledge from Allah. Muslims focus on Muhammad and his way of life rather than paying paying too much attention to Ali and his sons
- Muslims should be guided by the consensus of the community
Allah
It is the God of Islam. The first part of the shahadah, the Muslim declaration of faith
Shirk
It is seen as the worst sin as other believe in other Gods— this shows their disagreement with the Trinity of Christians
“Allah does not forgive association with Him, but He forgives what is less than that” -Qur’an 4:116
*association with him=worshipping other Gods
“Let the first thing to which you will invite them, be the Tawhid of Allah” -Sahih al-Bukhan 93:469
It says that Tawhid should be the first thing that Muslims should mention
Prophet Adam
The first prophet and the first man
Ibrahim
The prophet who rejected the idea of many different gods and was a holy man. Ibrahim i thought to have rebuilt the Ka’aba and he and his family’s story plays an important role in the hajj rituals
Ismai’l
Ibrahim’s son and was also a prophet who helped Ibrahim to build the Ka’aba.
Musa
The only prophet Allah spoke to directly rather than through angel Jibril. He is important because he taught and guide the people to believe in one God
Dawud
Known for killing Goliath during battle between Goliath’s large army and Talut’s smaller one. Succeeded Talut as king. He is also known for his wisdom and his loyalty to Allah—he would pray for a third of each night
Isa
He was sent by Allah when he thought people had strayed from Musa’s teachings. Muslims dont believe that Isa was crucified but 3 years’ teaching Allah brought him into heaven
Muhhamed
Often called ‘seal of the prophets’ most Muslims believe he was the last prophet that there will be. He was believed as the wis leader. He is Allah’s last prophet
Qur’an
The most important Holy Book. A complete and accurate record of Allah’s exact words to Muhhamad.
What Qur’an scripture allows humans to know Allah?
“He revealed to His Servant what he reveled. The heart did not lie what it saw” - Qur’an 53:10-11
Qur’an is organised into:
114 Surahs (chapters), ayahs (verses)
Qur’an is so important…
that’s why muslims treat it with great respect as the keep their Qur’an wrapped up to keep it clean, wash their hands before touching it, keep it on higher shelf amd place it on a higher stand
Suhuf Ibrahim
The first Holy Book given to Ibrahim but it is now lost. Qur’an mentions it several times
Torah
The book given to Musa. Main jewish Holy Book. It also contains the judgement of Allah and includes the ten commandments
Zabur
It was given to Dawud.
Injil
A book given to Isa.
“We sent… our messenger and followed with Jesus… and gave him the gospel”
Hadith
Reports of Muhammad’s words and actions recorded by his followers
Sunnah
Sets out Muhammad’s way of life as recorded in the Hadith
Angel’s purpose
To follow Allah’s orders and communicate with humas
Jibril (Angel of revelation)
An important angel who revealed Allah’s words to Muhammad and to other prophets.
Mika’il
An important angel who asks Allah to forgive people’s sins
Izrail
The angel of Death who takes souls from people’s body when they die.
Israfil
The angel who will blow the trumpet on the Day of Judgement
Al-Qadr
The idea that Allah had decided everything that will happen
Yawm ad-Din
The day when Allah decides how people will spend afterlife based on their behavior during their lives
On Yawm ad-Din…
The dead will be resurrected to join those still living
Why is The Day of Judgement important?
It encourages Muslims to live their lives in a good way
Why are intentions important?
It is because intending to do something good counts but intending to do something bad but not doing it doesn’t count against you
Afterlife
It is the idea where people go
Jannah
Heaven. A place of peace, happiness and beauty. The “Gardens of Pleasure” -Qur’an 31:8
Qur’an scripture about Jannah and Jahannam
“…for one whose scales are heavy, He will be in a pleasant life…for one whose scales are light, His refuge will be an abyss”-Qur’an 101:6-9
Jahannam
Hell. A place of scorching fire and boiling water. It is where people who ignored Allah’s teaching and failed to act righteously will be punished
Sunni’s five pillars
- Shahadah (declaration of faith)
- Salah (prayer five times a day)
- Zakah (Charitable giving)
- Sawm (obligation to fast during ramadan)
- Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah)
Shi’a Muslims Ten obligatory acts
- Salah
- Sawm
- Zakah
- Hajj
- Khums (annual tax)
- Jihad (struggle)
- Amr-bil-maroof and Nahi Anil Munkar
- Tawalla and Tabarra
Why is Salah important?
Salah keeps Muslims in close contact with Allah and encourages moral and spiritual discipline and keeps them committing shirk and increases taqwa. It is also an expression of solidarity by doing the same as other Muslims which is a reminder that everyone’s equal
Why is Wudu important?
Muslims should wash there hands before prayer to make them pure and clean when approaching Allah both physically and spiritually.
Qiblah
The direction of Makkah
Rak’ah
A set of prayer ritual that may be repeated several times at each prayer session
Qur’an scripture that talks about Zakah
“Zakah is for bringing hearts together” -Qur’an 9:60
Qur’an scripture that talks about Sawm
“O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting… that you may become righteous” -Qur’an 2:183
Ka’aba
A giant stone in Makkah covered in black that is believed to be built by Ibrahim and Ishma’il
Jihad
‘Striving’ or ‘struggle’ and one of the ten obligatory acts for Shi’as
The Greater Jihad
Struggle to obey Allah, follow his teachings and to become a better Muslim. It is greater struggle because it’s individual and personal
Qur’an scripture about The Greater Jihad
“No bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another” -Qur’an 35:18 means that you alone will be held responsible for your behavior and if you’re not a good muslim, it’s harder to help the world better
Lesser Jihad
The struggle to make the world a better place. ie Poverty and injustice.
Id ul-Adha
A festival celebrating complete obedience to Allah as it commemorates the time when Ibrahim nearly sacrifices Ishma’il.
Id ul-Fitr
It is the end of Ramadan and the day of thanksgovog to Allah for giving Muslims the strength to fast for a month
Ashura (a shi’a festival)
A compulsory day of festival for all Muslims. It is important for Shi’as because it was the day Husayn was killed in a battle. It is also a reminder of the suffering the Shi’a community has experienced.
