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Rs > Islam > Flashcards

Islam Flashcards

1
Q

Allah

A
  • Only one to be worshipped.
  • 99 beautiful names in the Qur’an.
  • Allah will judge all peoples’ deeds on earth.
  • Cannot be fully understood or known
  • Creator of everything
  • Merciful, all-knowing, hearer, bringer of peace.
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2
Q

Angels

A
  • God’s messengers and made of light.
  • Cant’ be seen.
  • Send the prayers to Allah.
  • 1 on each shoulder recording good and bad deeds.
  • God’s servants and look after humans.
  • Are felt as love and peace
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3
Q

Judgement

A

There will be a day of judgement.
• Only Allah can judge
• Good go to paradise.
• Disobedient go to Hell.
• Only God knows what heaven and Hell are like.
• People earn forgiveness through actions and prayers.

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4
Q

Holy Books

A
  • Qur’an is the most sacred book.
  • Words come directly from Allah.
  • Believe there are other Holy books brought by the prophets.
  • Law, Psalms, Gospel
  • Qur’an is the perfect word of God.
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5
Q

Prophets

A
  • Muhammad was the last and seal of the prophets.
  • God gave guidance to humans through the prophets
  • Qur’an mentions 25.
  • Adam was the first
  • Moses, David and Jesus also prophets.
  • Messengers of Allah.
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6
Q

Early Life

A
  • Born Makkah 570 CE
  • Both parents died by age of 6
  • Looked after by uncle
  • Shepherd and then a trader
  • Married Kadijah at 25
  • Known as honest and trustworthy
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7
Q

Call

A
  • Praying in a cave at Hira aged 40
  • Revelation from angel Gabriel
  • Ordered to recite and read
  • Refused 3 times before accepting
  • Felt a tightening of heart and recited
  • Shocked and didn’t believe he’d been called
  • Reassured by wife that he’d received Allah’s word.
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8
Q

Development of Islam

A
  • Opposition to his teachings in Makkah.
  • Left for Medina, the Hijrah, 622 CE
  • Set up 1st Muslim community and mosque
  • Returned to Makkah 630 CE
  • Removed the idols from the Ka’bah
  • Makkah became a Muslim city.
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9
Q

Spread of Islam

A
  • Muhammad died 632 CE
  • Abu Bakr Muhammad’s successor
  • United the Arab tribes.
  • Islam spread throughout the Middle East.
  • Muslims united against the Byzantine and Persian empires
  • Muslim empire spread to Africa, India, China
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10
Q

Teachings

A
  • Everyone is equal.
  • Every life unique.
  • All created by Allah.
  • Muslims should thank Allah for this.
  • Do not worship idols.
  • There is only one God.
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11
Q

Beliefs about him

A
  • The last prophet.
  • Example of how to live a perfect Muslim life.
  • He was human.
  • Is never drawn or portrayed in art.
  • Life and teachings are very important for Muslims.
  • Muslims
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12
Q

Belief

A
  • Shahadah
  • Declaration of faith
  • 1st pillar
  • Recited at birth and at time of death.
  • Only One God.
  • Muhammad is his messenger.
  • Recited with sincerity to become a Muslim.
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13
Q

Prayer

A
  • Salah 2nd pillar
  • Pray 5 times a day in direction of Ka’bah.
  • Pray anywhere so long as it’s clean.
  • Friday main prayers in mosque.
  • Use prayer mat, compass, prayer beads.
  • Rakah – set prayer movements.
  • Dua are private prayers.
  • Perform wudu before praying.
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14
Q

Charity

A
  • Zakah 3rd pillar
  • All belongs to Allah and should be shared.
  • 2.5% of wealth given or what can afford.
  • Given to poor, needy, schools, hospitals.
  • Not given for show.
  • Follow Muhammad’s example
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15
Q

Swarm

A
  • Sawm
  • Fasting during 9th month of Ramadan
  • Do not eat or drink in daylight hours.
  • Appreciate plight of poor
  • Act of worship and obedience to Allah
  • Follow Muhammad’s example.
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16
Q

Pilgrimage

A
  • To Makkah at least once in life time.
  • Circle Ka’bah 7 times
  • Run between 2 hills to remember Hagar and Allah’s care
  • Drink from Zamzam well
  • Pray at Arafat for forgiveness.
  • Throw stones at 3 stone pillars at Mina to renounce devil.
  • Sacrifice animal to remember Abraham – Id-ul-Adha.
  • Circle Ka’bah 7 times
17
Q

Eid-ul-fitr

A
  • Celebrates the end of Ramadan, successful fast
  • Started by Muhammad
  • Remembers and thanks Allah for Giving Qura’n
  • Prayers in the Mosque
  • Presents; new clothes; feast; joyful time
  • Give to charity
18
Q

Eid-ul-adha

A
  • In the 12th month, at the end of Hajj
  • Remembers Abraham’s sacrifice of Ishmael
  • Animal sacrificed and shared with poor
  • Muslims ready to sacrifice all for Allah
  • Prayers said in Mosque
19
Q

Mosque

A
  • Means ‘place of prostration’
  • Remove shoes, modest dress, head covered
  • Men and women sit separately
  • Centre of Muslim life
  • Qur’an and Arabic classes, weddings, funerals, activities
20
Q

Features of the mosque

A
  • Minaret- tower for call to prayer
  • Dome
  • Prayer Hall, carpeted, mosaic decoration
  • Mihrab and Qiblah wall- direction of Ka’bah
  • minbar – pulpit for Imam
  • Washrooms and shoe racks
21
Q

Imam

A
  • Means ‘at the front’
  • Must be of good moral standing
  • Good knowledge of Islam and Qur’an
  • Leads Friday prayers and gives Sermons
  • Comforts bereaved, gives advice, visits schools
  • Takes Arabic and Qur’an classes
22
Q

Muezzin

A
  • Gives call to prayer, 5 times a day
  • Calls from the minaret
  • Faces the Ka’bah
  • Calls people to ‘rush to prayer’
  • Adhan (call to prayer) called in arabic
  • Adhan states that Allah is the greatest.
23
Q

Qur’an

A
  • Holy book and means ‘recitation’
  • Revealed to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel on Night of Power.
  • Visions received over 23 years
  • Remembered and written down.
  • Abu Bakr ordered the standard copy to be made.
  • Completed 2 years after Muhammad died.
24
Q

Beliefs about the qur’an

A
  • Exact word of Allah
  • Guide to life.
  • Can’t be translated or the meaning will alter.
  • Final word of God to humans.
  • Muslims believe there are other holy books.
  • Should be obeyed.
25
Q

Language and layout

A
  • Written in Arabic
  • Not translated.
  • Divided into 114 chapters or surahs
  • All copies are the same
  • Learnt by heart – a hafiz
26
Q

Treatment and respect

A
  • Never put on floor
  • Read from a stand
  • No eating, drinking, smoking whilst reading.
  • Wash (wudu) before reading and head covered
  • Wrapped in cloth, kept on a high shelf
  • Read every day.
27
Q

Hadith

A
  • Collections of books of the words and actions of Muhammad.

* Consulted to see how Muhammad acted in situations.

28
Q

Birth

A
  • Father whispers Adhan into right ear
  • Date or honey rubbed on baby’s gums
  • 7 days later aqiqua- head shaved and hair weighed
  • Money given to charity
  • Name given, boys circumcised
  • Time of celebration
29
Q

Children

A
  • Must respect parent
  • Be obedient to parents and relatives
  • Should not cause harm
  • Be kind and work hard
  • Care for parents in old age
  • Duty continues until parents’ death
30
Q

Parents

A
  • Must set a good example for children
  • Must educate, feed children properly
  • Dress modestly
  • No sex before marriage
  • Mothers - feed hungry and look after guests
  • Fathers – provide money, protect family
31
Q

Marriage

A
  • Often arranged by parents
  • Bride given a dowry by groom
  • Simple ceremony in mosque or at bride’s home
  • Marriage contract with 2 witnesses
  • Wear best clothes and feast afterwards
  • Divorce only as a last resort
32
Q

Death

A
  • Believe in life after death and that Allah will judge them
  • Body washed, anointed, wrapped in white sheets (Hajj sheets if done hajj)
  • Burial as soon as possible facing the Ka’bah
  • Qur’an recited and period of mourning
  • Grave is plain and unadorned.
  • Leave 3 gifts behind: knowledge, possessions, children.

Rs (4 decks)

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