Islam 1 ~ Major Division And Interpretations Flashcards
How did the split between Muslims begin?
~ Muhammad died with no successor.
~ Sunni Muslims thought Abu Bakr should become the first khalifah
~ Shi’ah Muslims thought Ali (Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law) should’ve been first
Who did Abu Bakr nominate to be the next khalifah after himself?
~ Umar.
~ Sunni agreed
~ Shi’ah disagreed
Who was the 3rd khalifah?
~ Uthman, who was killed by Egyptian Muslims
~ Sunni agreed
~ Shi’ah disagreed
Who was the 4th khalifah?
~ Ali
~ Sunni disagree
~ Shi’ah agreed and called him the 1st khalifah
How did Ali die?
He moved his headquarters to Iraq and was assassinated there in 661CE
Who did Shi’ah Muslims think should be the 2nd khalifah after Ali?
Hasan
Who was the 3rd Shi’ah khalifah, after Hasan?
Husayn
Instead of Ali, who did Sunni Muslims make khalifah?
Mu’awiya, one of Ali’s opponents,
Who did Sunni Muslims make khalifah after Mu’awiya died?
His son, Yazeed
What happened on the Battle of Karbala?
~ A battle between Husayn and Yazeed
~ Husayn’s baby was killed in his arms
~ Husayn was beheaded
What % of Muslims are Sunni?
90%
What% of Muslims are Shi’ah?
10%
What do Sunni and Shi’ahs both believe?
~ The Qur’an is the exact words of God
~ The Qur’an is infallible (incapable of being wrong)
~ Main Muslim concepts, eg Tawhid, Akirah
What do Sunni Muslims believe about muslim’s access to Allah?
All Muslims have equal access
What do Shi’ah Muslims believe about muslim’s access to Allah?
There is hidden knowledge in the Qur’an which Muhammad revealed to Ali and only descendants of Ali know
How many collections of hadiths do Sunni Muslims recognise?
6
How many collections of hadiths do Shi’ah Muslims recognise?
5
How many times do Sunni Muslims pray daily?
5
How many times do Shi’ah Muslims pray daily?
3
What are Dhikrs?
What Sufi Muslims perform to achieve a mystical experience of uniting with God
What is Sufism?
Islamic mysticism
How do Sufi Muslims worship?
~ Repeat religious phrases to clear the mind
~ Breathing exercises
~ Whirling dances
How many collections of hadiths do Sunni Muslims recognise?
6
How many collections of hadiths do Shi’ah Muslims recognise?
5
How many times do Sunni Muslims pray daily?
5
How many times do Shi’ah Muslims pray daily?
3
What are Dhikrs?
What Sufi Muslims perform to achieve a mystical experience of uniting with God
What is Sufism?
Islamic mysticism, when Muslims try to develop ways to connect and unite with Allah in their minds
How do Sufi Muslims worship?
~ Repeat religious phrases to clear the mind
~ Breathing exercises
~ Whirling dances
Who was the 1st khalifah?
Abu Bakr
Why did Shi’ah Muslims believe Ali should’ve been the 1st khalifah?
He was Muhammad’s cousin and Son-in-Law
What does Khalifah mean?
Guardian of the Sunnah
Why was Uthman (3rd khalifah) killed?
He was killed by Egyptian Muslims who felt he was a weak khalifah who hadn’t ruled according to the Qur’an and Sunnah
Why did Sunni Muslims believe Abu Bakr was the right 1st khalifah?
Because Muhammad intended for the khalifahs to be elected from the Qurish tribe
When did Muhammad die?
June 632CE, in Medina
Who are the Sayyed?
The descendents of Ali and Fatimah
What is the 10th Muharram?
A traditional day of fasting before Muhammad. Sunnis remember Noah leaving the ark, and Moses being saved from Pharoah
Name one Muslim and one non-Muslim country
Muslim - Saudi Arabia
Non-Muslim - England
Describe different Muslim beliefs about the imam
~ Shi’ah Muslims believe that Imams are chosen by God to be the Imam
~ Shi’ah Muslims believe that Imams have a secret knowledge they can unlock from the Qur’an
~ Sunni Muslims believe anyone can be an Imam
‘Essentially all Muslims believe in the same things’
+ All Muslims believe the Qur’an is the exact words of God and is infallible, which is a main Islamic concept
- There was a major split into Sunni and Shi’ah Muslims over a disagreement of the next Khalifah after Muhammad’s death
+ All Muslims believe in the 5 pillars which are the basic Islamic beliefs
- Sunni and Shi’ah Muslims follow Salah differently. Sunnis pray 5 times, Shi’ahs pray 3 times
