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Haematology > Iron deficiency anaemia > Flashcards

Iron deficiency anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is a common cause of anaemia?

A

Iron deficiency

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2
Q

What can cause iron deficiency?

A

Inadequate intake

Poor absorption

Increased use

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3
Q

What can cause increased use of iron?

A

Physiological - pregnancy

Pathological - bleeding

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4
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of iron-deficiency anaemia?

A

Tiredness

Pallor

Tachycardia, palpitations

Increased respiratory rate

Epithelial changes

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5
Q

What causes pallor in iron-deficiency anaemia?

A

Blood is less oxygenated

appears less red

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6
Q

What causes tachycardia, palpitations in iron-deficiency anaemia?

A

Heart is pumping blood to lungs and body faster

to try and meet oxygen demand of tissues

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7
Q

What are some examples of epithelial changes seen with iron-deficiency anaemia?

A

Shiny tongue

Nail spooning

Angular stomatitis - inflammation at lip corners

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8
Q

What are the features of the blood film with iron-deficiency anaemia?

A

Hypochromic red blood cells

Microcytic red blood cells

Anisopoikilocytosis

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9
Q

What does hypochromic mean?

A

Pale

because low haemaglobin content

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10
Q

What does microcytic mean?

A

Low mean cell volume

basically meaning small cells

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11
Q

What does anisopoikilocytosis mean?

A

Change in size

and shape

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12
Q

What shapes of red blood cells are seen in iron-deficiency anaemia?

A

Pencil cells

Target cells

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13
Q

What are the features of blood parameters with iron-deficiency anaemia?

A

Low serum iron

Low serum ferritin

Low percentage transferrin saturation
Raised total iron binding capacity

Low reticulocyte haemaglobin content (CHR)

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14
Q

How is iron deficiency tested for?

A

Ferritin

Reticulocyte haemaglobin content (CHR)

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15
Q

What do low levels of ferritin mean?

A

Iron deficiency

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16
Q

What do normal levels of ferritin mean in terms of iron deficiency? Why?

A

Don’t exclude iron deficiency

Because ferritin is acute phase protein
increased with inflammation, liver disease

17
Q

What does reticulocyte haemaglobin content (CHR) measure?

A

Amount of iron getting to erythrocytes

18
Q

When can reticulocyte haemaglobin content (CHR) not be used to test for iron deficiency? Why?

A

In patient with thalassaemia

Because CHR is low with these patients

19
Q

How is iron deficiency treated?

A

Increase iron in diet

Iron supplements

Transfusions

20
Q

How can iron supplements be given?

A

Oral

IM

IV

21
Q

When are transfusions given?

A

If anaemia is so severe that it compromises cardiac function

Haematology (12 decks)

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