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Iron Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What are the functions of iron in the body?

A

Oxygen transport and storage

Role in enzyme function

  • energy metabolism
  • collagen formation
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2
Q

What are the different forms of available iron?

A

Haemoglobin

Myoglobin

Tissue iron

Transported iron - serum iron

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3
Q

What is myoglobin?

A

Oxygen-storing protein in muscle

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4
Q

What is tissue iron?

A

Iron in enzymes

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5
Q

What are the different forms of stored iron?

A

Ferritin

Haemosiderin

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6
Q

What is haemosiderin?

A

Iron in macrophages

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7
Q

How does ferritin react to water?

A

Soluble in water

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8
Q

How does haemosiderin react to water?

A

Insoluble in water

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9
Q

How does the requirement of iron change during pregnancy?

A

Iron requirement increases

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10
Q

Where does most iron in the body come from?

A

Recycling iron already within the body

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11
Q

How is iron stored in the liver?

A

Most of it as ferritin in hepatocytes

Small amount as haemosiderin in kupffer cells

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12
Q

Is iron excreted from the body?

A

No

no mechanism to excrete iron

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13
Q

How is iron lost from the body?

A

Small amount in

  • skin
  • gut cells
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14
Q

How much iron enters and leaves the body per day?

A

1-2mg

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15
Q

What are the different forms of iron in the diet?

A

Haem iron

Non-haem iron

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16
Q

What is haem iron?

A

Haem containing iron

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17
Q

What is the state of iron in haem iron?

A

Ferrous state - Fe2+

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18
Q

What foods contain haem iron?

A

Red meat

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19
Q

What is non-haem iron?

A

Iron on its own

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20
Q

What is the state of iron in non-haem iron?

Study These Flashcards
A

Mainly ferric form - Fe3+

21
Q

What foods contain non-haem iron?

Study These Flashcards
A

Nuts

Grains

Eggs

22
Q

How much iron is required in the diet?

Study These Flashcards
A

10-15mg per day

23
Q

What happens to non-haem iron in the stomach? What type of reaction is this?

Study These Flashcards
A

Fe3+ —–> Fe2+

reduction

24
Q

What facilitates the reduction of Fe3+ in the stomach?

Study These Flashcards
A

Acid of stomach

H+

25
Where does iron absorption occur in the GI tract?
Duodenum Upper jejunum
26
How does iron enter epithelial cells in the small intestine?
DMT1 transporter moves Fe2+ from intestinal lumen | into epithelial cell
27
Where is the DMT1 transporter located in the epithelial cell?
Apical domain
28
What happens to non-haem iron inside the epithelial cells?
Some is stored as ferritin Rest is exported into the blood
29
How is iron moved from the epithelial cell to the blood?
Ferroportin transporter
30
Where is the ferroportin transporter located in the epithelial cell?
Basolateral domain
31
What do fetal enterocytes have additional receptors for?
Lactoferrin
32
What is the primary source of iron in babies-young children?
Lactoferrin
33
How does iron travel in the blood?
Bound to transferrin protein
34
How is iron taken up into body cells?
Iron-transferrin complex binds to transferrin receptor on cell iron taken up into cell
35
Which body cell has the highest number of transferrin receptors? How does this affect their iron uptake?
Erythroid cells | take up most iron
36
What increases the absorption of non-haem iron?
Vit C
37
How does vit C increase absorpton of non-haem iron?
Increases acidity of stomach more Fe3+ reduced to Fe2+ more Fe2+ absorbed
38
What decreases absorption of non-haem iron?
Antacids Tea, coffee
39
What does the regulation of iron absorption depend on?
Dietary intake of iron Body iron stores Use of iron - erythropoiesis
40
What senses dietary levels of iron?
Villi in small intestine
41
What are the mechanisms regulating iron absorption?
Expression of transporters Activity of transporters
42
What are some examples of molecules involved in regulating iron absorption?
Hepcidin HFE protein
43
Where is hepcidin produced?
Liver
44
What increases the production of hepcidin?
Iron overload
45
What decreases the production of hepcidin?
High erythropoietic activity
46
What does hepcidin do? What are the effects?
Binds to ferroportin transporter breaks it down Prevents iron leaving epithelial cell into blood in small intestine Prevents macrophages releasing iron
47
How is hepcidin removed from the body?
Excreted by kidneys
48
What regulates hepcidin?
HFE protein Transferrin receptor Inflammatory cytokines

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