Iron Deficiency Anaemia

Question 1

What underlines the role of iron in enzymatic rxns

Answer 1

It’s ability to exist in both ferric and ferrous state

Question 2

There is a physiological means of excreting iron. T/F

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Control of Iron is through its

Answer 3

Absorption

Question 4

Concentration of iron in man and woman

Answer 4

Man- 50mg/kg

Women- 40mg/kg

Question 5

Largest store of iron is found in

Answer 5

Blood(Haemoglobin)

A unit of blood has 200mg of iron

Question 6

Storage form of iron in d blood is

Answer 6

Ferritin and hemosiderin

Question 7

There is usually a balance between iron absorption and lost each day. T/F

Answer 7

True

Question 8

On average,- is absorbed and lost each day

Answer 8

1mg of iron

Question 9

Daily iron loss occurs through

Answer 9

Urine
Faeces
Sweat

Question 10

Factors affecting iron absorption

Answer 10

1)Amount of iron in the diet
• Haem iron is more readily absorbed than non-haem

2. ) Bioavailability
3. ) Body’s need

Question 11

Where is iron maximally absorbed

Answer 11

Duodenum

Question 12

Ferrous iron is more readily absorbed than Ferric iron

Answer 12

True

Question 13

High pH Favour iron absorption T/F

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Iron absorption is increased in inflammatory disorders. T/F

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Commonest cause of Anaemia is

Answer 15

Iron deficiency Anaemia

Question 16

ID Anaemia is caused by what 3 factors

Answer 16

1. Negative iron balance
2. Reduction in iron supply to RBC
3. Functional defect resulting in poor utilization of iron

Question 17

Clinical features of Anaemia

Answer 17

1. General for Anaemias 
    Dizziness 
    Tachycardia
     Effort dyspnoea 
     Weakness
2. Painless glossitis 
3. Angular stomatitis 
4. Brittle nail
5. Pica
6. Dysphagia 
7. Koilonychia(spoon nail)

Question 18

Clinical features of iron deficiency in children

Answer 18

Poor cognitive function
Decline in psychomotor skill
Irritability

Question 19

Hook worm infestation causes blood loss

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Investigations for cause of Iron deficiency

Answer 20

Full blood count
Review of peripheral blood film
Stool for occult blood and ova of hookworm
Upper and lower GI endoscopy

Question 21

Laboratory findings

Answer 21

Microcytic hypochromic with presence of pencil and Target cells

Red cell indices low
Low reticulocyte not commensurate with degree of anaemia
Moderately raised platelet

Question 22

Level of Serum ferritin ??

Answer 22

Decreases but moderate or increase in chronic Anaemia

Question 23

Serum iron level???

Answer 23

Decreases and Anaemia of chronic disorder

Question 24

TIBC level

Answer 24

Increases but decreases in Anaemia of chronic disorder

Question 25

Bone marrow iron level?

Answer 25

Completely absent

Question 26

Serum Ferritin receptor level??

Answer 26

Increases

Question 27

Treatment of Iron deficiency Anaemia

Answer 27

Treat the underlying cause
Give Iron to replenish the store
Oral iron therapy- Ferrous sulphate best choice because it is inexpensive and best given on empty stomach.
Given for at least 6 months

Question 28

Response to treatment

Answer 28

Rise in reticulocyte level

Rise in haemoglobin level - 2g/do every 3 weeks

Question 29

Need for parenteral Iron is

Answer 29

1. Need to replenish Iron store rapidly(late pregnancy)
2. Patients on haemodialysis and erythropoietin therapy
3. Disease such as crohn’s disease