Irish, Japanese, Canadian and Other Whiskies Flashcards
Other important producers of whiskey are covered in this deck, which focuses on the differences in raw materials, production and other legal requirements.
Are exogenous enzymes allowed in Irish Whiskey production?
Yes, since the use of unmalted barley and other grains is also used.
Aromas given by unmalted barley?
Generally described as nutty and oily.
Blended Irish Whiskey
- A blend of two or more whiskey types
- Any combination of Irish Pot Still, Irish Malt, or Irish Grain Whiskey results in an Irish Blended Whiskey
Difference between Canadian Rye Whisky and Rye Whisky?
- No difference
- and there is no requirement or a minimum amount of Rye to be used
Difference between ‘weak feints’ and ‘pot feints’?
(Triple Pot Distillation - Irish Whiskey)
- Weak Feints are the heads and tails from the second distillation and are sent back for redistillation with the low wines
- Pot Feints are the heads and tails from the third distillation and are sent back to be redistilled with the Strong Feints from the second distillation
Flavors of Quercus mongolica?
(Japanese Whisky)
- Sandalwood
- Cedar
- Incense
Describe Grain Irish Whiskey:
- Made from a mash containing unmalted grains with malted barley
- Malted barley can be no more than 30% of the mash
- Must be distilled in a column still
What is Hydroselection?
- By lowering the abv of a highly rectified spirit to less than 20%, the fusel oils will evaporate more easily
- In certain column still set-ups, there is a specific column (Hydroselction Column) that will be used to separate the fusel oils from the diluted spirit
In Ireland, who are the major column still producers?
Midleton and Cooley
Tullamore is also becoming a player.
In Ireland, why is it not always possible to run a balanced operation in some distilleries?
- Large distilleries, such as Midleton, are running many different types of mash bills, and as a result produce many types of different heads and tails, which are not all interchangeable.
This is a significant difference to Scottish producers.
Describe Japanese Malted Whiskey:
Japanese Whisky made from malted barley.
Otherwise, can also choose whether or not to use peat, the still design and operation, location, and all of the permutations of wood aging.
List the four types of Irish Whiskey:
- Pot Still Irish Whiskey / Irish Pot still Whiskey
- Malt Irish Whiskey / Irish Malt Whiskey
- Grain Irish Whiskey / Irish Grain Whiskey
- Blended Irish Whiskey / Irish Blended Whiskey
Describe Malt Irish Whiskey:
- Whiskey made from a mash that is 100% malted barley
- May include peated malt
- Must be pot distilled, either 2 or 3 times
Maximum distillation strength for Irish Whiskey spirit?
94.8% abv
Maximum size of the wooden vessels allowed for aging Irish Whiskey?
700 Liters, or less, for a minimum of 3 years on the island of Ireland.
Most significant difference between stills in Scotland and stills in Japan?
- They are basically designed the same, but the Japanese will have a wider range of still types, which is used to create a variety of spirits
- This is needed as there is no trade of stock-spirits among producers, in Japan, as there is in Scotland
Name four brands produced at Midleton?
- Jameson
- Powers
- Redbreast (single pot stilled)
- Green Spot (single pot stilled)
…and of course Midleton would be a correct answer
Describe Pot Still Irish Whiskey?
- Mash must include a minimum of 30% unpeated malted barley, a minimum of 30% unmalted barley, and other unmalted cereals
- Must be distilled in pot stills either 2 or 3 times
Stills used for Canadian Base Whiskey?
Column stills
As such the spirits are relatively lightly flavored.
Stills used for Canadian Flavoring Whisky?
Pot Stills
Style of Triple Pot Still Distillation?
(Irish Whiskey)
Generally, a more highly rectified and lighter style of spirit, as compared to double pot distillation.
The dominant grain used for Irish Grain Whiskey by both Midleton and Cooley?
Corn
The grain used for most Canadian Base Whisky?
Corn
The most important grain used in Canadian Flavoring Whisky?
Rye
Corn, Wheat and Barley are also used, though.
Triple Pot Distillation: abv of the Wash, Low Wines, Strong Feints, Heart:
- Wash - 8-10% abv
- Low Wines - 25% abv
- Strong Feints - 70% abv
- Heart - 84% abv
Triple Pot Distillation: Name the stills
- Wash Still (1st distillation)
- Feints Still (2nd distilaltion)
- Spirit Still (3rd distillation)
True / False:
Malted barley for Irish Whiskey is traditionally peated.
False
The tradition is to use un-peated malted barley.
Some smaller distillers are making peated Irish Whiskey, today, but in very limited amounts.
Two broad categories of blending ingredients for Canadian Whisky?
- Base Whiskies
- Flavoring Whiskies
Type of oak used for aging Japanese Whisky?
Quercus mongolica, which is found throughout northern Asia.
In Japan, it is called mizunara.
What are grain whiskies made from in Japan?
Typically made from corn or wheat, and with malted barley.
The style will vary depending on still style and design.
What are most all of the Canadian Flavoring Whisky fermented with?
A specific selection of cultured yeasts to generate desired flavors.
What are some basic requirements for Canadian Whisky?
- Must be mashed, distilled, and aged in Canada
- Must have the aroma, taste, and character generally associated with Canadian Whisky
- No restrictions on the grains
- Exogenous enzymes are permitted
- No rules on types of stills, distillation strength
- The Whiskey must be matured for 3 years in barrels no larger than 700 liters
- Caramel and flavorings are permitted
What are the key grains used for Irish Whiskey production?
- Malted Barley
- Unmalted Barley
- Corn (maize)
What are the three columns of Midleton’s triple-column still?
- Rectifying column
- Hydroselection column (to remove fusel oils)
- Final Rectifying column
The result is a lighter, more refined style of spirit, that achieves 94.5% abv
What can be added to matured Irish Whiskey and what is the minimum bottling strength?
- Water and caramel coloring
- 40% abv
What can Canadian Whiskey be flavored with?
Any spirit or wine, domestic or imported.
It just has to have the aroma, character, and taste of Canadian Whiskey.
What do blenders of Japanese Whisky base their blends on?
- Either based solely on malts
- Or on blends of malt and grain whiskies
What is Midleton’s double-column still used for?
It is used to separate Group 2 fractions from any left-over heads and tails of the pot still operation.
What is the major difference between Japanese and Scottish Distillers?
- Japanese Whisky companies do not trade stocks.
- This means each distillery must create its own flavor path in order to meet the blender’s needs.
What is the template for Japanese whiskey distilleries?
- Malt Whisky made in Pot stills
- Grain Whisky made in Column stills
What style of distillation is Irish Whiskey often closely associated with?
Triple pot still distillation.
When did the use of unmalted barley begin in Ireland?
Middle of the 19th C as a way to reduce the distiller’s tax bill.
Where does the majority of the wood used for the maturation of Irish Whiskey originate?
The United States (same as the Scotch Whisky producers).
Which distillery in Ireland remains the dominant producer and reference point on the island for Irish Whiskey?
Midleton in Cork (Pernod Ricard / Jameson, among others).
Which major producers have made significant investments in Irish Whiskey?
- William Grant & Sons
- Beam Suntory
- Pernod-Ricard
Which type of Irish Whiskey requires the use of unmalted barley?
Irish Pot Still Whiskey
Who and when was the first whisky distillery set up in Japan?
- Who = Yamazaki
- When = 1923
Yamazaki is currently the largest whisky distillery in Japan.
Who owns Bushmills Distillery?
And where is it located?
Jose Cuervo
Northern Ireland
Who owns Colley/Kilbeggan Distillery?
Beam Suntory
Who owns Crown Royal?
Diageo
And it is the largest brand of blended Canadian Whisky.
Who owns Midleton Distillery?
Pernod-Ricard
Why are Canadian Club and Crown Royal a bit softer in style?
These have a soft texture due to the high percentage of corn-based whiskies used.
Why is wood finishing an important aspect of Irish Whiskey production, at the moment?
Many producers are still in the early stages, and they are buying spirit to resell, as such the finishing is their way to put their mark on a spirit style.
