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NBCE Part 1 > Irene Gold Part 1 Review Book Phys Section > Flashcards

Irene Gold Part 1 Review Book Phys Section Flashcards

1
Q

Blood from the UE gets into the heart through?

A

SVC

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2
Q

Blood from the LE gets into the heart through?

A

IVC

exception: azygous vein drains lumbars into SVC

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3
Q

Azygous vein drains lumbars into….

A

SVC

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4
Q

From the right atrium, 80% of blood passively flows into the….

A

right ventricle

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5
Q

From the right atrium, 20% of blood needs atrial contraction (starts in SA node in crista terminalis and travels to AV node). What wave is this on an ECG?

A

P wave

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6
Q

The AV nodal delay is from the SA node to AV node. What is this interval on an ECG?

A

PR interval

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7
Q

What is the mL measurement for end of diastole?

A

120mL

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8
Q

What is isovolumetric contraction?

A

at the end of diastole (120mL) and when the tricuspid valve closes S->I heart sound

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9
Q

What is the interval on an ECG for ventricular contraction/depolarization?

A

QRS complex

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10
Q

At mid systole, it is enough pressure to blow open which valves?

A

semilunar valves

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11
Q

Blood exits the heart via ____________________ to lungs

A

2 pulmonary arteries

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12
Q

Does the pulmonary artery carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

A

deoxygenated blood

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13
Q

Does the umbilical artery carry deoxygenated or oxygenated blood to fetus?

A

deoxygenated blood

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14
Q

Blood is oxygenated via what effect in the lungs?

A

Bohrs effect

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15
Q

How many oxygen molecules can bind to Hb?

A

4 oxygens

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16
Q

What percentage of Hb is saturated wit oxygen in the lungs?

A

97%

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17
Q

Blood exits lung via ______________ into left atrium

A

4 pulmonary veins

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18
Q

What blood vessels have the highest conc. of oxygen in the cardiac system?

A

pulmonary veins

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19
Q

Do pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated or oxygenated blood?

A

oxygenated blood

20
Q

Does the umbilical vein carry deoxygenated or oxygenated blood in fetus?

A

oxygenated blood

21
Q

From the left atrium, 80% of blood passively flows into….

A

left ventricle

22
Q

From the left atrium, 20% of blood needs what?

A

P wave/ AV nodal delay

23
Q

Which valve must close for isovolumetric contraction?

A

mitral valve

24
Q

Which valve opens mid systole?

A

aortic valve

25
Q

Which valve closes during S2 heart sound?

A

aortic valve

26
Q

Which valve must close for isovolumetric relaxation?

A

aortic valve

27
Q

Which wave on ECG shows atrial depolarization/ atrium contraction?

A

P wave

28
Q

Which wave on ECG shows AV node delay?

A

PR interval

29
Q

Which wave on ECG shows isovolumetric contraction?

A

R wave

30
Q

Impulse released from AV node down bundle of His into Purkinjie fibers

A

isovolumetric contraction/ R wave

31
Q

What is the moderator band?

A

right bundle of His in septomarginal recess of R ventricle

32
Q

The ____________ system in R ventricle is 150x faster than AV node in heart due to increased intercalacted discs and gap junctions

A

purkinjie

33
Q

Which wave on ECG is the 1st downward deflection?

A

Q wave

34
Q

Atrial repolarization is hidden under which complex on ECG?

A

QRS complex

35
Q

What prevents AV valves from blowing back from ventricular contraction?

A

chordae tendinae + papillary muscles

36
Q

Which wave on ECG shows ventricular repolarization?

A

T wave

37
Q

Which wave on ECG shows repolarization of the papillary muscle?

A

U wave

38
Q

Which wave on ECG shows isovolumetric relaxation?

A

ST segment

39
Q

Inverted T wave or altered ST segment=

A

MI

40
Q

Long absolute refractory period is during what wave on ECG?

A

plateaus (impossible to fire heart again at this point)

41
Q

Auto rhythmicity/ automatic conductivity is the heart beating on its own due to….

A

leaky sodium channels and SA node

42
Q

What is a 1st degree heart block?

A

elongation of PR interval

43
Q

What is a 2nd degree heart block?

A

Winkebocks phenomena = elongation of PR till 2 atrial depolarization show up

44
Q

What is a complete heart block?

A

no pattern on EKG, its random

45
Q

What is the 1st heart sound?

A

AV valves closed + isometric contraction

46
Q
A

NBCE Part 1 (12 decks)

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