Irene Gold Part 1 Review Book Phys Section Flashcards
Blood from the UE gets into the heart through?
SVC
Blood from the LE gets into the heart through?
IVC
exception: azygous vein drains lumbars into SVC
Azygous vein drains lumbars into….
SVC
From the right atrium, 80% of blood passively flows into the….
right ventricle
From the right atrium, 20% of blood needs atrial contraction (starts in SA node in crista terminalis and travels to AV node). What wave is this on an ECG?
P wave
The AV nodal delay is from the SA node to AV node. What is this interval on an ECG?
PR interval
What is the mL measurement for end of diastole?
120mL
What is isovolumetric contraction?
at the end of diastole (120mL) and when the tricuspid valve closes S->I heart sound
What is the interval on an ECG for ventricular contraction/depolarization?
QRS complex
At mid systole, it is enough pressure to blow open which valves?
semilunar valves
Blood exits the heart via ____________________ to lungs
2 pulmonary arteries
Does the pulmonary artery carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
deoxygenated blood
Does the umbilical artery carry deoxygenated or oxygenated blood to fetus?
deoxygenated blood
Blood is oxygenated via what effect in the lungs?
Bohrs effect
How many oxygen molecules can bind to Hb?
4 oxygens
What percentage of Hb is saturated wit oxygen in the lungs?
97%
Blood exits lung via ______________ into left atrium
4 pulmonary veins
What blood vessels have the highest conc. of oxygen in the cardiac system?
pulmonary veins
Do pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated or oxygenated blood?
oxygenated blood
Does the umbilical vein carry deoxygenated or oxygenated blood in fetus?
oxygenated blood
From the left atrium, 80% of blood passively flows into….
left ventricle
From the left atrium, 20% of blood needs what?
P wave/ AV nodal delay
Which valve must close for isovolumetric contraction?
mitral valve
Which valve opens mid systole?
aortic valve
Which valve closes during S2 heart sound?
aortic valve
Which valve must close for isovolumetric relaxation?
aortic valve
Which wave on ECG shows atrial depolarization/ atrium contraction?
P wave
Which wave on ECG shows AV node delay?
PR interval
Which wave on ECG shows isovolumetric contraction?
R wave
Impulse released from AV node down bundle of His into Purkinjie fibers
isovolumetric contraction/ R wave
What is the moderator band?
right bundle of His in septomarginal recess of R ventricle
The ____________ system in R ventricle is 150x faster than AV node in heart due to increased intercalacted discs and gap junctions
purkinjie
Which wave on ECG is the 1st downward deflection?
Q wave
Atrial repolarization is hidden under which complex on ECG?
QRS complex
What prevents AV valves from blowing back from ventricular contraction?
chordae tendinae + papillary muscles
Which wave on ECG shows ventricular repolarization?
T wave
Which wave on ECG shows repolarization of the papillary muscle?
U wave
Which wave on ECG shows isovolumetric relaxation?
ST segment
Inverted T wave or altered ST segment=
MI
Long absolute refractory period is during what wave on ECG?
plateaus (impossible to fire heart again at this point)
Auto rhythmicity/ automatic conductivity is the heart beating on its own due to….
leaky sodium channels and SA node
What is a 1st degree heart block?
elongation of PR interval
What is a 2nd degree heart block?
Winkebocks phenomena = elongation of PR till 2 atrial depolarization show up
What is a complete heart block?
no pattern on EKG, its random
What is the 1st heart sound?
AV valves closed + isometric contraction
