Iran Review Flashcards
Coup De Tat
1953- Was the overthrow of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh and his cabinet on 19 August 1953, orchestrated by the United Kingdom MI6 (under the name ‘Operation Boot’) and the United States CIA (Operation Ajex)
Prime Minister Mossadegh
An author, administrator, lawyer, prominent parliamentarian, his administration introduced a range of progressive social and political reforms such as social security, rent control, and land reforms.[6] His government’s most notable policy, however, was the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry, which had been under British control since 1913 through the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC / AIOC) (later British Petroleum or BP).[7]
For Nationalism of Oil
Wanted Democratic Iran
Nationalize Irans Oil Industry and discarded the system of political and economic exploitation
CIA
Publicly Admited to planning and taking part in the coup de tat in Iran
Did it to stop nationalization of oil and stop a nationalist leader
Dwight Eisenhower
Elected 1953
Ended Korean War
He also authorized the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to undertake covert operations against communism around the world
Shah Pahlavi
Seeing a rise from Mossadegh tried to get him out of being Prime Minister but supporters forced the Shah out and with US help came back into Iran assumed power and Mossadegh dissapeared
Islamic Revolution
Ayatollah Khomeini returned to Iran on February 1 and took over sending the country into a bad spot people protested the change in power
Ayatollah Khomeini
He was appointed to the Council of the Islamic Revolution in 1979, and between 1979 and 1981 he was a member of the Majlis, serving as deputy minister of defense, commander of the Revolutionary Guard, and representative on the Supreme Council of Defense. He also served several times as general secretary of the Islamic Republic Party.
US Embassy and Hostage Crisis
On November 4: Iranian Islamic Students stormed the US embassy, taking 66 people, the majority Americans, as hostages. They wanted the Shah returned
Jimmy Carter
forbid the entry into this country of one drop of foreign oil more than these goals allow. These quotas will ensure a reduction in imports even below the ambitious levels we set at the recent Tokyo summit.
Iran - Iraq War
The protracted war between these neighboring Middle Eastern countries resulted in at least half a million casualties and several billion dollars’ worth of damages, but no real gains by other side. Started by Iraq dictator Saddam Hussein in September 1980, the war was marked by indiscriminate ballistic-missile attacks, extensive use of chemical weapons and attacks on third-country oil tankers in the Persian Gulf. Although Iraq was forced on the strategic defensive, Iran was unable to reconstitute effective armored formations for its air force and could not penetrate Iraq’s borders deeply enough to achieve decisive results. The end came in July 1988 with the acceptance UN Resolution 598.
Iran Contra Scandal
Iran-contra affair, in U.S. history, secret arrangement in the 1980s to provide funds to the Nicaraguan contra rebels from profits gained by selling arms to Iran. The Iran-contra affair was the product of two separate initiatives during the administration of President Ronald Reagan. The first was a commitment to aid the contras who were conducting a guerrilla war against the Sandinista government of Nicaragua. The second was to placate “moderates” within the Iranian government in order to secure the release of American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon and to influence Iranian foreign policy in a pro-Western direction.
Iran Links to Terroristic Actions and groups, Hezbollah
Hezbollah focused on expelling Israeli and Western forces from Lebanon
American Response, Sanction
The original stated purposes of the sanctions were to compel Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait, to pay reparations, and to disclose and eliminate any weapons of mass destruction.
banned all trade and financial resources except for medicine and “in humanitarian circumstances” foodstuffs, whose import into Iraq was tightly regulated
Axis Of Evil
Iraq Iran and North Korea
Ayatollah Khameini Fatwa and Haram
Irans Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei has issued a Fatwa (religious decree) that the production and use of weapons of mass destruction are haram (Forbidden in religious terms)
