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U.S. History 2013-2014 > Finals Flash Cards > Flashcards

Finals Flash Cards

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1
Q

Underlying Causes to WWII

A

Appeasement and Failure of League of Nations

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2
Q

Actual Causes

A

Treaty of Versailles and Hitlers Actions

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3
Q

Totalitarianism

A

Totalitarianism- State holds all power over all aspects of society
Totalitarianism leaders could consist of Hitler or Stalin

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4
Q

Fascism

A

Fascism- An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.
Was the type of Govt in Germany and Italy at the time, which means they believed their country superior to all others which made them think they had the right to wage war

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5
Q

US Steps to War In Europe

A

US did not want to be directly involved but Europe needed weapons son we made the Lend and Lease Contract stating we could lend them weapons and they would have to come pick them up in US making it safe for our ships

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6
Q

US Steps to War in Asia

A

We bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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7
Q

Arsenal of Democracy

A

Cash and Carry, Lend and Lease, Supplying weapons to help Democracy

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8
Q

Island Hopping

A

Island Hopping - To travel from one island to another usually in a group of small islands. Used during the Pearl Harbor Bombing to stop invasion of Japan

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9
Q

Berlin

A

During WWII Berlin built a wall separating the North and South Berlin.

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10
Q

Manhattan Project

A

Manhattan Project- Development of the First Atomic Bombs, Julius Robert Oppenheimer was one of the main Scientists

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11
Q

Hiroshima

A

Dropped Little Boy on Hiroshima

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12
Q

Nagasaki

A

Dropped Fat Man on Nagasaki

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13
Q

Ration and Recycle

A

Asked people to reserve what they bought to only necessities and when they finished recycle them for use in the war, asked every family to be an active participant on the home front

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14
Q

Japanese Americans

A

People jailed and put in camps just for being of Japanese decent

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15
Q

Double V Campaign

A

Double Victory, victory at home and abroad, mainly African Americans

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16
Q

Seeds of the Cold War

A

Stalin refused to Join UN
Stalin was angry with Britain and America kept delaying D-Day believing it was a plot to allow Germany to weaken the Soviet Union
At the Tehran Conference (1943) Stalin and Churchill clashed over how much control Stalin would have over the countries of eastern Europe.

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17
Q

Isolationism

A

Isolationism- A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.
America shut all other countries out thinking that the problems were being caused by outside environment, but when Pearl Harbor happened US joined the war

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18
Q

US vs Them or East vs West

A

NATO (US) vs Warsaw Pact (Soviets)

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19
Q

American Foreign Policy Overall Goals and Practices

A

Contain communism and was all in US best interest

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20
Q

Demographic Shift Post WWII

A

Great white flight from city to suburbs (also known as Levit town Homes) unintentional segregation

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21
Q

Iron Curtain

A

Iron Curtain - The national barrier separating the former Soviet bloc and the West prior to the decline of communism that followed the political events in eastern Europe in 1989.

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22
Q

Satellite Nation

A

Countries behind iron curtain (Allies with Soviets)

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23
Q

Containment

A

A process used by US to keep Communism contained in certain or destroy it all together

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24
Q

Germany/Berlin

A

Big Battle

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25
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

Truman Doctrine- The principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or communist insurrection. (Made to help Greece and Turkey)

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26
Q

Berlin Blockade and Airlift

A

Made wall in West Berlin to stop war from breaking out US airlifted food and supplies daily

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27
Q

Chinese Civil War

A

Fought by citizens loyal to the Republic of China against people who had turned Communist, resulted in splitting of two side half thinking their preference of government was the true government of China

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28
Q

Creation of Israel

A

Brought US into conflict in the Middle East

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29
Q

Harry Truman

A

33rd President Succeeded FDR Was head of Manhattan Project and aided in air lifting supplies to Berlin and more

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30
Q

Fair Deal

A

Truman’s Ideas and Ambitions adding to the New Deal, a more “Fair Deal”

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31
Q

Harry Truman, Congress, American Citizens

A

Lied to them

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32
Q

GI Bill of Rights

A

Gave Soldiers financial assistance after war

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33
Q

Red Scare

A

The fear of Communism Take Over

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34
Q

Culture of America after WWII

A

Expanding Civil Rights, Use of Media in Elections, Credit Cards Invented

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35
Q

Levittown and the Suburbs

A

Great White Flight from city to suburbs, lived in Levittown Houses, neighborhoods where houses all looked exactly the same, it was the American dream with the white picket fence and the home cooked meal everyday

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36
Q

“I Like Ike” Public Works Project

A

An attempt to make more jobs by creating a National Highway and make it possible to get from place to place quicker

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37
Q

Korean War

A

war between the Republic of Korea (South Korea), supported by the United Nations, and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea), at one time supported by China and the Soviet Union. It was primarily the result of the political division of Korea

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38
Q

38th Parallel

A

Separated North and South Korea

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39
Q

Truman vs MacArthur

A

Fired MacArthur during Korean war because MacArthur wanted to invade China and went to the press against Truman, Truman not wanted to enlarge the war and needing to show authority fired MacArthur

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40
Q

Joseph McCarthy and McCarthyism

A

Had a list of people in the government that were secretly communist and refused to show anyone, McCarthyism is is the practice of making accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence

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41
Q

1953 Coup de Tat in Iran

A

CIA and M16 Operation to Overthrow Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh

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42
Q

Suez Crisis

A

Was a diplomatic and military confrontation in late 1956 between Egypt on one side, and Britain, France and Israel on the other, with the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Nations playing major roles in forcing Britain, France and Israel to withdraw

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43
Q

Eisenhower Doctrine

A

Under the Eisenhower Doctrine, a Middle Eastern country could request American economic assistance or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression from another state.

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44
Q

Sputnik

A

Was the start of the Space Race, the race to see who could get their satellites into space first

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45
Q

Khrushchev

A

Leader of Soviet Union in 1950, big leader after the death of Stalin

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46
Q

Duck and Cover

A

Civil Defense Video Instructing what to do if the Soviets Drop a Nuclear Bomb, this was filmed and sent out because the Soviets started testing their nuclear program

47
Q

Brown vs Board of Ed

A

Establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation, insofar as it applied to public education

48
Q

Nonviolence and Civil Disobedience

A

is the practice of achieving goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation or methods that do not involve violence

49
Q

Types of Protests

A

Student Movements, African American Movements, Violent and Nonviolent rallies and Civil Disobedience

50
Q

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A

After Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat, African Americans boycotted the bus and since they were the buses main source of income it led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional

51
Q

Freedom Riders

A

Rode desegregated buses down south to the states that were not enforcing the desegregation of public transportation

52
Q

March on Washington

A

Was one of the largest political rallies for human rights in United States history and called for civil and economic rights for African Americans. Also where Martin Luther King Jr gave his famous “I have a Dream” speech

53
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public (known as “public accommodations”).

54
Q

Voting Rights Act of 1965

A

Prohibits discrimination in voting

55
Q

MLK

A

Leader of African American Rights, got arrested many times to prove a point, made his mark on the world, famous speech “I have a Dream”

56
Q

SCLC

A

African-American civil rights organization. SCLC was closely associated with its first president, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The SCLC had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement.

57
Q

Malcolm X

A

African-American Muslim minister and a human rights activist. To his admirers he was a courageous advocate for the rights of blacks, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans; detractors accused him of preaching racism and violence. He has been called one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history.

58
Q

Muhammad Ali

A

Professional Boxer, African American was almost unable to compete due to his skin color

59
Q

Black Power

A

Black Power was a political slogan and a name for various associated ideologies aimed at achieving self-determination for people of African/Black descent. It is used by African Americans in the United States. The movement was prominent in the late 1960s and early 1970s, emphasizing racial pride and the creation of black political and cultural institutions to nurture and promote black collective interests and advance black values.

60
Q

The Black Panther Party

A

Was a black revolutionary socialist organization active in the United States from 1966 until 1982. The Black Panther Party achieved national and international notoriety through its involvement in the Black Power movement and U.S. politics of the 1960s and 1970s.

61
Q

De Facto Segregation

A

Not Segregated by Law

62
Q

De Jure Segregation

A

Segregated by Law

63
Q

JFK

A

35th President before he was assassinated in November 1963

64
Q

Election of 1960’s

A

JFK vs Nixon, that was also the year of the first televised Presidential debate and Nixon with a hurt leg and 5 o’clock shadow and JFK with makeup on and looking youthful everyone watching the television thought JFK won and everyone listening to the radio thought Nixon won or it was a draw. In the end JFK won by two tenths of 1 percent (49.7 to 49.5) and had 303 electoral votes compared to 219 of Nixons

65
Q

Bay of Pigs

A

U.S. Trained Cubans to fight so they could rebel against the dictator Castro but they did not succeed, Castro had heard word of the plan and stopped it before it started by sending his army in, the trainees not yet ready for war either fled or died

66
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A

US U2 plane took photos of a nuclear missile plant being set up by the Soviets in Cuba, the National Security Council (NSC) favored an unannounced air assault on the missile sites, On October 28 Khrushchev agreed to dismantle the missile sites, subject to UN inspections. The U.S. publicly promised never to invade Cuba and privately agreed to remove its missiles in Turkey

67
Q

NASA

A

Only 2 years old NASA was sending the first person to the moon. The sudden desire to do this was to prove we had the more advanced space machines in a dubbed “space race”

68
Q

Berlin Wall

A

A barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off (by land) West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin. The Berlin Wall was officially referred to as the “Anti-Fascist Protection Rampart” by GDR authorities, implying that neighbouring West Germany had not been fully de-Nazified.

69
Q

Lee Harvey Oswald

A

Lee Harvey Oswald, an employee of the Texas School Book Depository from which the shots were suspected to have been fired, was arrested for the murder of a local police officer, and was subsequently charged with the assassination of Kennedy. He denied shooting anyone, claiming he was a patsy, but was killed by Jack Ruby on November 24, before he could be tried. Ruby was then arrested and convicted for the murder of Oswald. Ruby successfully appealed his conviction and death sentence but became ill and died of cancer on January 3, 1967, while the date for his new trial was being set.

70
Q

The Warren Court

A

Organized to form the warren commission to investigate the JFK assassination

71
Q

Lyndon Johnson

A

36th President of the United States, designed the “Great Society” legislation that included laws that upheld civil rights, public broadcasting, Medicare, Medicaid, environmental protection, aid to education, aid to the arts, urban and rural development, and his “War on Poverty”.

72
Q

Domino Theory

A

Theory that if one country falls into communism then the surrounding countries will as well and they will fall like dominoes

73
Q

Vietnam War (Also known as second Indochina war)

A

Johnson put many more soldiers into the war and due to this the amount of casualties were increasing exponentially, he expressed his domino theory in a speech saying if Vietnam fell today the next day they would be fighting Hawaii, then San Francisco and it would spread like wild fire

74
Q

17th Parallel

A

Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone was established as a dividing line between North and South Vietnam as a result of the First Indochina War.

75
Q

Gulf of Tonkin

A

1 US, the Maddox ship was doing work in the Gulf of Tonkin and approached 3 North Vietnamese torpedo ships, this occurred twice once, also what got us into the war, escalated or Americanized the war

76
Q

Peace Corps

A

JFK made groups to help poor countries with medicine, education etc. Although he said it was to be more helpful, his real intention was to make more allies

77
Q

Gulf of Tonkins Resolution

A

Granted President Lyndon B. Johnson the authority to assist any Southeast Asian country whose government was considered to be jeopardized by “communist aggression.”

78
Q

Tet Offensive

A

Turning Point in the war, Viet Cong and NV Surprise attack on SV and American Troops 80,000 communist troops striking more than 100 towns and cities, including 36 of 44 provincial capitals, although a shock to American Troops and SV they regained themselves and fought back and regained much territory

79
Q

Great Society

A

Designed by LBJ the “Great Society” legislation that included laws that upheld civil rights, public broadcasting, Medicare, Medicaid, environmental protection, aid to education, aid to the arts, urban and rural development, and his “War on Poverty”.

80
Q

Counterculture

A

An anti-establishment cultural phenomenon that developed first in the United States and United Kingdom and spread throughout much of the Western world between the early 1960s and the early 1970s. Focused on things like race relations, human sexuality, women’s rights, traditional modes of authority, experimentation with psychoactive drugs, and differing interpretations of the American Dream.

81
Q

Vietnam Protests

A

Students for Democratic Society (SDS) Had March on Washington where people met by the Lincoln Memorial and then around 30000 continued to march to the pentagon in protest. Some veterans even joined causing the protestors even more reason to rebel, when Nixon won presidency he promised to establish Law and Order and that the silent majority (people who still believed in the government) would have more say and not be drowned out

82
Q

Vietnam Veterans

A

Many of the veterans would be harassed by protestors, called baby killer and such. Many of them didnt want to go t war, they were forced, they had to hide themselves

83
Q

Tv and Vietnam

A

This was the first at home war, where people could stay updated and see what was going on right from their living rooms

84
Q

Election 1968

A

Richard Nixon, Hubert Humphrey and George Wallace were running Nixon was Republican, Humphrey was Democrat and George was Independant, Nixons Law and Order campaign won over the voters just enough for him to win

85
Q

Richard Nixon

A

37th President, initially escalated America’s involvement in the Vietnam War, he subsequently ended U.S. involvement by 1973. Nixon’s visit to the People’s Republic of China in 1972 opened communications between the two nations and eventually led to the normalization of diplomatic relations. He initiated détente and he launched initiatives to fight cancer and illegal drugs, imposed wage and price controls, enforced desegregation of Southern schools, implemented environmental reforms, and introduced legislation to reform healthcare and welfare

86
Q

Pentagon Papers

A

Daniel Ellsberg found and released The Pentagon Papers, detailed papers of what actually happened in Vietnam and the New York Times put it on the front page, the American people realized the government had been lying to them the entire time and it took time for the government to regain the trust of the people

87
Q

Southern Strategy

A

Nixon stopped forced segregated buses

88
Q

New Federalism

A

The primary objective of New Federalism, unlike that of the eighteenth-century political philosophy of Federalism, is the restoration to the states of some of the autonomy and power which they lost to the federal government as a consequence of President Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal.

89
Q

Vietnamization

A

Letting the south Vietnamese take the front lines while Nixon withdraws the US Soldiers

90
Q

Detente

A

A stand still during the Vietnam War initiated by Nixon

91
Q

1973 and Oil

A

The 1973 oil crisis started in October 1973, when the members of Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries or the OAPEC (consisting of the Arab members of OPEC, plus Egypt, Syria and Tunisia) proclaimed an oil embargo. By the end of the embargo in March 1974, the price of oil had risen from US$3 per barrel to nearly $12.

The oil crisis, or “shock”, caused many global short-term and long-term economic and political effects.

92
Q

Watergate

A

Nixon had 5 men break into the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C. and plant a bug in one of the rooms. They were caught and demanded a pay off to not tell and the money Nixon used from from his campaign and was traced back to him. Knowing he would be impeached Nixon left on his own accords and resigned

93
Q

General Ford

A

38th President, pardoned Nixon and everyone else involved in the Watergate scandal

94
Q

Jimmy Carter

A

Iranian Hostage Situation and Camp David Accords

95
Q

Camp David Accords

A

Peace Between Egypt and Israel

96
Q

Iranian Revolution

A

Over throw of the Shah and reign of the Ayatollah

97
Q

Iran-Iraq War

A

Lost Iran as friend when Ayatollah took over so we favored Iraq

98
Q

Persian Gulf War

A

We were chasing Iraq out of Kuwait

99
Q

Electoral College

A

583 votes, need 270 to win presidency, number of electoral votes are based on population of state and number of senators in house

100
Q

September 11th, 2001

A

Al-Qaeda ran planes into the world trade center killing thousands of innocent people

101
Q

Department of Homeland Security

A

created in response to the September 11 attacks, and with the primary responsibilities of protecting the United States and its territories (including protectorates) from and responding to terrorist attacks, man-made accidents, and natural disasters. The Department of Homeland Security, and not the United States Department of the Interior, is equivalent to the Interior ministries of other countries. In fiscal year 2011, DHS was allocated a budget of $98.8 billion and spent, net, $66.4 billion.

102
Q

Axis of Evil

A

North Vietnam, Iraq and Iran

103
Q

Al-Qaeda

A

“The Base” organization founded by Osama bin Laden, with its origins being traceable to the Soviet war in Afghanistan, its soul purpose is to establish pure Islamic states

104
Q

Taliban

A

an Islamic fundamentalist political movement in Afghanistan. It spread throughout Afghanistan and formed a government, ruling as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan from September 1996 until December 2001, with Kandahar as the capital. However, it gained diplomatic recognition from only three states: Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Mohammed Omar has been serving as the spiritual leader of the Taliban since 1994

105
Q

War on Terror

A

This resulted in an international military campaign to eliminate al-Qaeda and other militant organizations. The United States and many other NATO and non-NATO nations such as Pakistan participate in the conflict. The phrase “War on Terror” was first used by U.S. President George W. Bush on 20 September 2001.

106
Q

Operation Iraqi Freedom

A

The plan to take down Saddam Hussein

107
Q

Afghanistan

A

The Soviet war in Afghanistan lasted nine years from December 1979 to February 1989. Part of the Cold War, it was fought between Soviet-led Afghan forces against multi-national insurgent groups called the Mujahideen, mostly composed of two alliances – the Peshawar Seven and the Tehran Eight. The Peshawar Seven insurgents received military training in neighboring Pakistan and China,[9] as well as weapons and billions of dollars from the United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, and other countries. The Shia groups of the Tehran Eight alliance received support from the Islamic Republic of Iran.

108
Q

Saddam Hussein

A

Fifth President of Iraq, Saddam nationalized oil and other industries, maintained power during the Iran–Iraq War and the Gulf War, he was widely condemned in the west for the brutality of his dictatorship, On 5 November 2006, Saddam was convicted of charges related to the 1982 killing of 148 Iraqi Shi’ites and was sentenced to death by hanging. His execution was carried out on 30 December 2006

109
Q

Osama Bin Laden

A

Founder of al-Qaeda, He was a Saudi Arabian, a member of the wealthy bin Laden family, After establishing a new base in Afghanistan, he declared a war against the United States, initiating a series of bombings and related attacks, On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was shot and killed inside a private residential compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, by members of the United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group and Central Intelligence Agency SAD/SOG operators in a covert operation ordered by U.S. President Barack Obama.

110
Q

Iran Nuclear Energy/Weapons

A

US thought Iran was building nuclear bombs but it said it was just using the nuclear plants for energy so the UN searched Iran for nuclear weapons and found nothing so said they could keep their plants to use for energy until July 20th then they would renegotiate

111
Q

Welfare State

A

Government help or assistance

112
Q

Net Pay

A

After Taxes

113
Q

Gross Pay

A

Before Taxes

114
Q

Pivot to Asia

A

Not going to just focus on middle east, turn our attention more to Asia

U.S. History 2013-2014 (7 decks)

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