IQ3 - DNA replication Flashcards
What is helicase
It’s when hydrogen bonds between bases on the double helix are broken by helicase (template strand for new bases)
What is DNA polymerase
They add complementary bases (G+C, A+T) (Leading –> continously, lagging –> sections)
What is Ligase
It seals up newly formed strandly –> 2 double helix
Protein/Polypeptide synthesis
What are the steps for protein synthesis
- DNA can’t leave the nucelus (but MRNA can)
- DNA replicates –> MRNA leaves nucleus and attaches to ribosome
- MRNA is “Read” in groups of 3 bases = codons
- Complementary TRNA bases are added (anti-codon) in groups of 3 (TRNA carries a specific amino)
What is the additional step in Polypeptide synthesis
Polypeptide (many bonds fold to form a protein)
What are enzymes
Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.
What are substrates
The molecule(s) on which the enzyme works.
What are hormones
A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs.
What is the function of protein hormones
They function by binding to receptors on the outside of a cell and causing a
change to occur inside the cell. Some examples are insulin, glucagon.
What is the function and structure of a protein
The function of a protein is highly dependent on its structure, which in turn is determined by its amino acid sequence.
What are transport proteins
They are involved in either the active
or passive movement of substances across cellular membranes or between
cells (an example is haemoglobin)
