Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

N1180 > IPAC & Documentation > Flashcards

IPAC & Documentation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between Aseptic and Sterile?

A

Aseptic: “Clean” technique in which microorganisms are reduced, not completely eliminated
- medical asepsis: Wiping down equipment

Sterile technique: involves the complete eradication of all microorganisms
- ex. sterilizing tools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a Chain of infection?

A
  • the circuit that, (without interruption) produces an infection.
  • Breaking even 1 link interrupts that process.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the difference between a microorganism and a pathogen?

A

Microorganisms: very small particles (ie. bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites)

Pathogen: A microorganism that causes disease.

  • pathogen IS a a microorganism
  • BUT a microorganism is only a pathogen if it causes disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a Healthcare acquired infection (HAI)?

A
  • an infection the client acquired while in the hospital. A.K.A -nosocomial infections.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 moments of hand hygiene?

A
  1. Before entering the room
  2. Before aseptic procedures
  3. After exposure/potential exposure to body fluids (this includes after glove removal)
  4. On exiting the room
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Contact Precautions?

A

WHAT:
- Includes direct contact between humans, and indirect contact which involves transmission from contact with contaminated surfaces/objects.

NURSING WEAR:
- gown and gloves to protect their hands and uniforms against contact with pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Droplet Precautions?

A

WHAT:
- Droplets: large particles that are released when an ill person is talking, coughing, sneezing, etc.
- Droplets are expelled, but only remain suspended for a short time before falling.

NURSES WEAR:
- procedure masks and eyewear that filters out large particles when providing client care.

  • Sometimes droplet and contact precautions are combined, such as with influenza infection, so nurses would wear the procedure mask as well as the gown and gloves.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Airborne Precautions?

A

WHAT
- least common of the 3,
- airborne: involving very small particles suspended in the air (ie. tuberculosis)

NURSES WEAR
- only N95-type respirator mask capable of filtering out the tiny particles.
- no gowns and gloves

  • Clients with airborne illnesses require a negative pressure room to prevent the pathogens from being distributed through the air vents.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the Chain of Infection?

A
  1. Infectious organism
  2. Reservoir
    • Ex. A client with pneumonia is coughing up mucous, the mucous in the lungs represents the reservoir
    • The organism is able to grow and multiply in the mucous in the lungs because mucous offers the right conditions.
  3. Portal of exit
  4. Mode of transmission
  5. Portal of entry
  6. Susceptible host
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Hand Washing Using WHO Technique?

A

Step 0: wet hands with water

Step 1: Apply enough soap to cover all hand surface

Step 2: Rub hands palm to palm

Step 3: Right palm over left dorsum with interlaced fingers and vice verse

Step 4: Palm to palm with fingers interlaced

Step 5: Backs of fingers to opposing palms with fingers interlocked

Step 6: Rotational rubbing of left thumb clasped in right hand and vice versa

Step 7: Rotational rubbing backwards ad forwards with clasped fingers of right of right hand in left palm and vice versa

Step 8: Rinse hands with water

Step 9: Dry hands with single use towel

Step 10: Use towel to turn off faucet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which is better: soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub?

A

Soap and water - more effective for visibly soiled hands (Hands on which dirt or body fluids are readily visible)

Alcohol - more effective for hands not visibly soiled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Contact Precautions

A
  • put on a gown and gloves before entering the room
    ** must use new clean gown and gloves (can not be used more than once)**

To don: Hand hygiene, gown tied behind neck and back, then clean gloves

  • do not take off the gown and gloves until you leave

To doff:
1. Remove gloves
2. hand hygiene
3. remove gown
4. hand hygiene.
- Most gowns are single-use disposable ones, but if they are not, wrap securely in a ball and place in the laundry.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Droplet Precautions

A
  • Droplet precautions alone require only a surgical/ procedure mask and protective eyewear.

To don:
1. Hand hygiene
2. put the mask
3. put eyewear/goggles on

To dof:
1. Hand hygiene
2. remove the goggles
3. remove mask (goggles first as they sit on the bridge of the nose over the mask).
4. hand hygiene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Airborne Precautions

A
  • Airborne precautions require only a (N95) mask, not a procedure mask (as with droplet precautions)
  • Applying these depends on the style. The package provides instructions for donning and doffing this type of mask.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Droplet & Contact Precautions

A
  • EX. Influenza - it is a droplet particle but can also land on surfaces and survive for a short time.
    • If your client is infected with an organism spread by droplet/contact, you wear all the PPE and you follow the order.

To don:
1. Hand hygiene
2. Gown
3. Surgical mask
4. Eyewear
5. Gloves

To doff:
1. Gloves
2. Hand hygiene
3. Gown
4. Hand hygiene
5. Eyewear
6. Mask
7. Hand hygiene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infection in the healthcare setting is:

A

Hand washing

17
Q

What interferes with the ability to perform hand hygiene?

A
  • Long sleeves
  • Nail polish
  • Artificial long nails
  • Jewelry
18
Q

How are most HAIs in hospitals spread?

A

On the hands of healthcare workers

19
Q

3 Most Common Modes of Transmission for pathogens are:

A

1) Contact
2) Droplet
3) Airborne
4) Contact/droplet combined is common

20
Q

5 risk factors that make someone a susceptible host

A
  1. Compromised Immune System
  2. Chronic Illness
  3. Hospitalized
  4. Very young age
  5. Very old age
21
Q

Which age group(s) is/are most susceptible to infection? Why?

A

Old People
- immune system is weakened
Young People
- immune system is not fully developed

22
Q

What is the purpose of documentation?

A

1) To communicate
- so everyone involved in the care of the patient knows what is going on

2) To be accountable
- to keep track of WHO is providing care, and WHAT has been done

3) To maintain legal records
- in case any event becomes legal matter

4) To support research
- sometimes documentation can be part of a research study

5) To uphold standards
- it may help support improvements in certain processes around the unit

23
Q

Date and Time for Documentation

A

Date
- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD yyyy/mm/dd
Always check with your employing institution

Time
- use the 24 hour clock
- no am/pm
- no : (colon) between the numbers
- include the ‘0’ with morning times (0815)
- write 4 numbers only, at all times.

24
Q

Rules of Documentation

A
  • always SIGN it
  • must include designation
  • my designation looks like this: A, Schiavone, WFN-1 (collaborative)
25
Q

Is it okay to document for another nurse?

A

If you did not do it, do not document it

26
Q

How to fix a mistake in documentation

A
  • if you make a mistake, it must be fixed in a way that allows the first thing you wrote to be legible/retrievable
  • all documentation can be brought to court
  • draw 1 single line through mistakes, initial, and continue writing
27
Q

What NOT to do when documenting

A
  • never scribble
  • add forgotten things in the margin
  • never squeeze words in with a ^ above the space
  • Don’t leave spaces to write in later, for others to add data, or because you like the way it looks.
28
Q

If it was not documented..

A

it was not done

29
Q

How to document Objective Data

A
  • Objective data are the things you see and do. There is no interpretation required. Data are FACTS, and they inform your client assessment.
  • a common mistake made is when documenting objective data is including language that implies subjective interpretation.
  • Recording only the facts means careful and clear wording is used to communicate your findings.

-Certain words (ie. seems, appears, normal, anxious) are RED FLAGS in documentation and should not be used.

30
Q

Poorly Written Notes are:

A
  • do not isolate the issue
  • are disorganized, and hard to read
  • are wayy too long
  • are missing information
  • do not tell you anything helpful
31
Q

Well Written Notes are:

A
  • written in black or blue pen (never -pencil or other pen colours)
  • focused
  • clear
  • concise
  • professional
  • informative
32
Q

3 Key Points of Documentation

A

1) Be Factual
- record the facts
- opinions and judgements do not inform the reader

2) Be professional
- use professional language in descriptions

3) Know the difference
- just because it happened, does not mean it needs to be documented
- know the difference between what the patient told you and what you saw

33
Q

FDAR Note

A

F - focus
D - data; subjective and objective findings
A - action; past, present, future actions taken as a result of findings
R - response; what were the outcomes of the intervention

N1180 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions