Ions, Isotopes and bonding Flashcards
What is an ion
An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons
When does an Ionic bond take place?
Takes place when metals and non-metals react by transferring electrons.
what charges are the atoms involved?
The atoms involved are opposite charged, attracted through electrostatic forces
Anions
Negatively charged ions formed through the gain of electrons
Cations
Positively charged Ions formed through the loss of electrons
properties of Ions
High melting and boiling points because of strong electrostatic forces. They are also good insulators and they’re hard and brittle.
what is an isotope
an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
What is a covalent bond?
forms when two non-metal atoms share a pair of electrons. Substances bonded covalently often form molecules with low melting and boiling points.
Strongest form of bonding?
Covalent bonds because a lot of energy is needed to break them
Metallic bonding
The force of attraction between delocalised electrons and positive metal ions. Because of the strong bond they have high melting points, are insoluble with water and good thermal and electrical conductors.
Why does metallic bonding form?
Metals form giant structures in which electrons in the outer shell of the metal atoms are free to move.
Simple molecular substances
Contain only a few atoms held together by covalent bonds
Types of covalently bonded substances
Simple molecules
Giant covalent structures
Properties of simple molecular substances
- Low melting and boiling points because little energy is needed to break the weak intermolecular forces
- Do not conduct electricity because they don’t have free electrons or an overall electric charge
What happens to a simple molecular substances when melted or boiled?
When melted or boiled the weak intermolecular forces break not the covalent bonds.
