Ions + equations + acids and bases

Question 1

Define the term ion and how are they formed

Answer 1

• Ions are particles that are either negatively or positively charged
• They are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons to obtain an electric structure of a noble gas

Question 2

Cations and anions

Answer 2

Cations: positively charged (metals)
Anions: Negatively charged (non-metals)

Question 3

Difference between Borh model and regular element’s models

Answer 3

Borh models have an extra square bracket and the ion’s ATOMIC charge (e.g 3-)

Question 4

Chemical formulas for hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid

Answer 4

Hydrochloric acid: HCl
Nitric acid: HNO3
Sulfuric acid: H2SO4

Question 5

State general word equation for neutralisation

Answer 5

Acid + alkali –> Salt + Water

Question 6

Difference between nitiride and nitrate

Answer 6

Nitride: N (it is an element & has charge of -3)
Nitrate: NO3 (ATOMIC charge of - cus its an ion)

Question 7

Observations of metal + acid

Answer 7

1. Effervescence of colourless and odourless gas
2. Metal dissolves in the acid to form a [insert colour] solution
3. A lighted splinter would extinguish with a ‘pop’ sound when placed near the gas

Question 8

Observations of carbonate + acid

Answer 8

1. Effervescence of colourless and odourless gas

2. Carbonate dissolves in the acid to form a [insert colour] solution

Question 9

How to test for CO2 and describe what to do to carry out experiment and what would be seen

Answer 9

• Limewater test

1. Bubble the gas into the limewater
2. If white precipitate is formed, CO2 is present