Diet and health

Question 1

Carbohydrates

[source and function]

Answer 1

Source:

• Sugar
• Bread
• Rice
• Potato

Function:
- Source of energy for the body

Question 2

Carbohydrates

[effects of malnutrition]

Answer 2

Too little:
- Insufficient to meet energy requirements –> Weight loss, muscle wasting

Too much:

• Weight gain
• Increased risk of diabetes

Question 3

Fats

[source and function]

Answer 3

Source:

• Butter
• Margarine
• Cooking oil
• Milk
• Meat

Function:

• Source of energy in the body
• Protects internal organs
• Help absorb fat-soluble vitamins into the bloodstream

Question 4

Fats

[effects of malnutrition]

Answer 4

Too little:
- Insufficient to meet energy requirements –> Weight loss, muscle wasting

Too much

• Weight gain
• Increased risk of coronary heart disease

Question 5

Proteins

[source and function]

Answer 5

Source:

• Fish
• Meat
• Egg white
• Cheese
• Beans

Function:

• Growth of new cells
• Repair of damaged tissues
• Source of energy if lacking carbs or fats

Question 6

Proteins

[effects of malnutrition]

Answer 6

Too little:
- Muscle wasting

Too much:
- Weight gain

Question 7

Vitamin C

[source and function]

Answer 7

Source:

• Citrus fruits
• Papaya
• Cauliflower
• Broccoli

Function:

• Iron absorption
• Synthesis of collagen
• Wound healing

Question 8

Vitamin C

[effects of malnutrition]

Answer 8

Too little:
- Scurvy (degeneration of skin and teeth, delays wound healing)

Too much:
- #

Question 9

Vitamin D

[source and function]

Answer 9

Source:

• Body exposed to sunlight
• Cheese
• Butter
• Fish

Function:
- Absorb calcium for development of bones

Question 10

Vitamin D

[effects of malnutrition]

Answer 10

Too little:
- Rickets (bone deformities in children)

Too much:
- #

Question 11

Iron

[source and function]

Answer 11

Source:

• Meat
• Liver
• Dark green leafy vegetables

Function:
- Helps in the formation of red blood cells

Question 12

Iron

[effects of malnutrition]

Answer 12

Too little:
-Anaemia

Too much:
- #

Question 13

Calcium

[source and function]

Answer 13

Source:

• Milk
• Dairy products

Function:
- Development of strong bones and teeth

Question 14

Calcium

[effects of malnutrition]

Answer 14

Too little:
- Osteoporosis (brittle bones)

Too much:
- #

Question 15

Water

[source and function]

Answer 15

Source:

• Fruits
• Vegetables
• Beverages

Function:

• Regulates body temp.
• Required in all body cells
• Medium for chemical reaction of the body

Question 16

Water

[effects of malnutrition]

Answer 16

Too little:
- Dehydration

Too much:
- Overhydration

Question 17

Fibre (roughage) from cellulose cell walls

[source and function]

Answer 17

Source:

• Fresh fruits
• Vegetables
• Beans
• Whole grain bread & cereal

Function:

• Provides bulk for faeces
• Aids in peristalsis in the intestines
• Prevents constipation

Question 18

Fibre (roughage) from cellulose cell walls

[effects of malnutrition]

Answer 18

Too little:
- Constipation

Too much:
- #

Question 19

Why do we need food

Answer 19

For growth and replacement of worn out and damaged tissues

Question 20

What are nutrients and their purpose

Answer 20

Chemical substances in food that nourishes the body and are thus important for survival and growth

Question 21

What are macronutrients (give examples)

Answer 21

Nutrients the body needs in large amounts

Examples:

• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Proteins

Question 22

What are micronutrients (give examples)

Answer 22

Nutrients that body needs in smaller amounts

Examples:

• Minerals
• Vitamins

Question 23

Balanced diet

Answer 23

• Proportionate amounts of all the necessary nutrients
• Required to meet the daily requirements of the body
• Healthy growth and activity