Ionic Bonding

Question 1

How are ions formed?

Answer 1

When electrons are transferred from one atom to another. The simplest ions are single atoms which have either lost or gained 1,2 or 3 electrons so they’ve got a full outer shell.

Question 2

What is the equation for the formation of a sodium ion?

Answer 2

Na = Na+ + e-

Question 3

What is the equation for the formation of a chloride ion?

Answer 3

Cl + e- = Cl-

Question 4

What ions do group 1 elements form?

Answer 4

1+ ions.

Question 5

What ions do group 2 elements form?

Answer 5

2+ ions.

Question 6

What ions do group 6 elements form?

Answer 6

2- ions.

Question 7

What ions do group 7 elements form?

Answer 7

1- ions.

Question 8

What is the formula of the compound ion nitrate?

Answer 8

NO3 -

Question 9

What is the formula of the compound ion carbonate?

Answer 9

CO3 2-

Question 10

What is the formula of the compound ion sulfate?

Answer 10

SO4 2-

Question 11

What is the formula of the compound ion ammonium?

Answer 11

NH4 +

Question 12

What holds positive and negative ions together?

Answer 12

Electrostatic attraction.

Question 13

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 13

An electrostatic attraction between to oppositely charged ions.

Question 14

What are giant ionic lattices?

Answer 14

A lattice is just a regular structure. The structures called giant because its made up of the same basic unit repeated over and over again.

Question 15

What 3 aspects of an ionic compound determines their physical properties?

Answer 15

Electrical conductivity
Melting and boiling points
Solubility

Question 16

In what state can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 16

When they’re molten or dissolved- not when they’re solid. The ions in a liquid are free to move and they carry a charge. In a solid they’re in a fixed position by strong ionic bonds.

Question 17

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 17

The giant ionic lattices are held together by strong electrostatic forces. It takes loads of energy to overcome these forces, so melting and boiling points are very high.

Question 18

Why do ionic compounds tend to dissolve in water?

Answer 18

Water molecules are polar- part of the molecule has a small negative charge, and other bits have small positive charges. The water molecules pul the ions away from the lattice and cause it to dissolve.