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F321 Chemistry > Acids, Bases and Salts > Flashcards

Acids, Bases and Salts Flashcards

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1
Q

What makes an acid an acid?

A

When mixed with water, all acids release hydrogen ions (H+). They produce H+ ions in an aqueous solution i.e they’re proton donors.
It has a pH of less than 7.

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1
Q

What salt does sulfuric acid produce?

A

Sulfates.

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2
Q

What salt does hydrochloric acid produce?

A

Chlorides.

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3
Q

What salt does nitric acid produce?

A

Nitrates.

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4
Q

What makes a base a base?

A

They do the opposite of acids- they want to grab H+ ions.They remove H+ ions from an aqueous solution i.e they’re proton acceptors.
It is a substance with a pH greater than 7.

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6
Q

What is the general formula for an acid base reaction?

A

Acid + base –> Salt + water

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7
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between metal oxides and acids?

A

Metal oxide + acid –> salt + water

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8
Q

What is the general for the reaction between a metal hydroxide and an acid?

A

Metal hydroxide + acid –> salt + water

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9
Q

What is the equation for the reaction of acids with metals?

A

Metal + acid –> metal salt + hydrogen

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9
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

A measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is.

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10
Q

What pH is the strongest acid?

A

pH 0.

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11
Q

What pH is the strongest alkali?

A

pH 14.

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12
Q

What is the equation for the reaction of acids with carbonates?

A

Metal carbonate + acid –> metal salt + carbon dioxide + water

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13
Q

What pH is neutral?

A

pH 7.

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15
Q

What is a salt?

A

When the H+ in an acid is replaced by a metal ion.

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15
Q

Explain how the hydroxide ion in aqueous calcium hydroxide acts as a base when it neutralises dilute nitric acid.

A

Accepts H+ ions.

16
Q

What is an alkali?

A

It’s a base that dissolves in water. Alkalis form OH- ions in water.

17
Q

Why is calcium nitrate an example of a salt?

A

The H+ ion in an (nitric) acid has been replaced by a metal ion
 OR by a Ca2+ ion.

18
Q

What is the ion responsible for bleaching?

A

ClO-

19
Q

How do you find the formula of hydrated salts?

A

Find the mass of the water lost by taking the mass of the anyhdrous salt away from the mass of the hydrated salt.
Find the number of moles of water lost.
Find the number of moles of anhydrous salt produced.
Work out the ratio of these moles (divide both by smallest number).

20
Q

What are the three types of intermolecular forces?

A 
Van der Waals forces/ induced dipole-dipole (the weakest type)
Permanent dipole-dipole forces
Hydrogen bonding (the strongest type)
21
Q

What do the δ+ and the δ- charges on polar molecules cause?

A

Weak electrostatic forces of attraction between the molecules.
These are called permanent dipole dipole forces.

22
Q

Describe how van der Waals arise.

A

Uneven distribution of electrons.
Causes temporary dipole.
Causes induced dipoles in neighbouring molecules.

23
Q

A molecule has 2 bonding pairs what is its shape and bond angle?

A

Linear

180 degrees

24
Q

A molecule has 3 bonding pairs what is its shape and bond angle?

A

Trigonal planar

120 degrees

25
Q

A molecule has 4 bonding pairs what is its shape and bond angle?

A

Tetrahedral

109.5 degrees

26
Q

A molecule has 5 bonding pairs what is its shape and bond angle?

A

Trigonal bipyramidal

90 degrees and 120 degrees

27
Q

A molecule has 6 bonding pairs what is its shape and bond angle?

A

Octahedral

90 degrees

28
Q

When displacement reactions happen, there are colour changes. Sometimes they can look similar, what can be added to make the change in colour easier to see?

A

An organic solvent such as hexane.
The halogen thats resent will dissolve readily in the organic solvent which settles of as a distinct solvent layer above the aqueous solution.

29
Q

Describe a chemical test which the student could have carried out to prove that the filtrate
contains aqueous chloride ions.

A

Add (aqueous) silver nitrate

white AND precipitate

30
Q

Ionic equation for chlorine displacing bromine.

A

Cl2 (aq) + 2Br- (aq) -> 2Cl- (aq) + Br2 (aq)

31
Q

To be sure, how do you further identify your results from the silver nitrate test and why?

A

Add ammonia solution.

Each silver halide has a different solubilty in ammonia.

F321 Chemistry (25 decks)

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