Ionic Bonding

Question 1

Ions

Answer 1

• formed when electrons transferred from one atom to another
• cations = positive
• anions = negative

Question 2

metal ion charge

Answer 2

-group number

Question 3

non-metal ion charge

Answer 3

-group number minus 8

Question 4

ionic bonding

Answer 4

• electrostatic attraction holds positive + negative ions together
• ionic bond is strong electrostatic attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions

Question 5

ionic charges

Answer 5

• greater charges on an ion stronger ionic bonder

- so higher melting/boiling point

Question 6

Ionic Radii

Answer 6

• smaller ions can pack closer together than larger ions
• electrostatic attraction gets weaker with distance
• small, closely packed ions have stronger ionic bonding than larger ions
• ionic compounds with small closely packed ions have higher melting and boiling points than ionic compounds made of larger ions

Question 7

Ionic radius

Answer 7

• increases as you go down a group

- extra electron shells one added

Question 8

Isoelectronic ions

Answer 8

• ions of a different atoms with same number of electrons
• ionic radius of a set isoelectronic ions decreases as atomic number increases
• as you go through series of ions the number of electrons stays the same as number of protons increase
• electrons attracted to nucleus more strongly pulling them in a little ionic radius decreases

Question 9

giant ionic lattice structures

Answer 9

• made up of same basic unit repeated over and over again

- forms because each ion is electrostatically attracted in all directions to ions of the opposite charge

Question 10

physical properties

Answer 10

• high melting point as ions are held together by a strong attraction so positive and negative ions are strongly attracted
• soluble in water but not in a non-polar solvent
• ionic compounds don’t conduct electricity when solid but do when molten or dissolved as ions are fixed in position by strong ionic bonds in solid but free to move as a liquid or in a solution
• ionic compounds can’t be shaped because repulsion between ions would be very strong so brittle supports lattice model

Question 11

migration of ions

Answer 11

• electrolyse a green solution of copper chromate on a piece of wet filter paper
• turns blue at cathode
• turns yellow at anode