Ionic And Convalent Bonding Flashcards
What are Ions?
Ions are charged particles - they can be single atoms all groups of atoms.
What are negative Ions?
Negative ions form when atom gains electrons - they have more electrons than protons. They are also called anions.
What are positive ions?
Positive ions for one atom lose electrons - they have more protons than electrons. They are also called cations.
What is the charge of an ion?
The charge of an ion is the number of electrons lost or gained.
What is the charge of the ion if 2 electrons are lost?
If elections are lost the charges is 2+.
What is the charge of an ion if it has gained 3 electrons?
If three electrons gained the charge is 3-.
Which are the groups that are metals?
It’s 1, 2, 3.
Which are the groups that are non-metals?
It’s 4, 5, 6.
How are metal charged?
Metals lose electrons to form positive ions.
How are non-metals charged?
No metals gain electrons to form negative ions. They are negatively charged.
What is an ionic Compound?
An ionic compound is a transfer of electrons from one ion to the other. They are also made of positive recharged parts and negative recharged parts. Their overall charge is 0.
What happens when metal and a non-metal react together?
The metal atom loses an electrons and the non-metal gains this electrons.
What is electrostatic attraction?
It is the strong attraction between two ions, one positively charged and the other one negatively charged.
Are groups 1,2,3 metals or non metals?
They are metals.
Are groups 5,6,7 metals or non metals?
They are non-metals.
Is group 4 in the periodic table metal or non-metal?
All the group 4 elements are hard, refractory metals.
What happens when atoms lose or gain electrons?
Simple ions form when atoms lose or gain electrons.
What happens when atoms gain electrons?
Atoms have more electrons than protons, they are negatively charged ions (anions).
What happens when atoms lose electrons?
Have more protons than electrons, they are positively charged ions (cations).
How do you calculate the numbers of protons and neutrons in an ion?
To calculate the number of protons and neutrons in an ion you have to use the same way as for atom. The number of protons is the atomic number, and the protons and neutrons are the mass mass number.
What have the elements in the same group in common?
Elements in the same group all have the same number of electrons in the outer shell.
Do group 1,2,3 gain or lose electrons?
They lose electrons to form positive ions.
Do Group 5,6,7 elements lose gain electrons?
They gain electrons and they form negative ions.
What happens when a metal and a non-metal react together?
The oppositely charged iron as strongly attracted to one another. This is called ionic bond.
What are Ionic Compounds made out of?
Compounds are made up of positively charged parts and negatively charged parts.
What is the overall charge of any ionic compound?
Overall Charge = 0
How can you figure out the formula for an ionic compound?
You can use the charges on the individual ions to work out the formula for the ionic compound.
What is the chemical formula for calcium nitrate?
Ca2+, NO3-
What can you use to show what happens to the electrons when ionic bonding happens?
You can use a dot and cross diagram.
What is the formula for Sodium Chloride?
NaCi
What does the sodium atom give up to become a Na+ ion?
The sodium atom gives up its outer shell to become a Na+ ion.
What does the chlorine atom pick up to become CI-?
The chlorine atom picks up the electron becoming a CI- ion.
What does the magnesium atom give up to form a Mg2+ ion?
The magnesium atom gives up its 2 outer electrons to form an Mg2+ ion.
What does the oxygen atom gain to become an O2- ion?
The oxygen atom has to gain the electrons from the magnesium atom to become an O2- ion.
What does the aluminium atom give up to become an AI3+?
The aluminium atom has to give up 3 outer electrons to become an AI3+ ion.
What does the chlorine atom has to pick up to become 3 CI- ion?
The chlorine atom has to pick up the 3 electrons from the aluminium atom to become 3 CI- ion.
What do 2 sodium atoms have to give up to become 2 Na+ ion?
The 2 sodium atom have to give up their outer electrons to become 2 Na+ ion.
What does the oxygen atom pick up to become an O2- ion?
The oxygen atom has to pick up the two electrons from the 2 sodium atoms to become an O2- ion.
What do compounds with ionic bonding always have?
Compounds with ionic bonding always have giant ionic structures.
What are the ions held together by?
The ions are held together in a closely packed 3-D lattice arrangement by the traction between oppositely charged ions.
Is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions strong or weak?
The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ion is very strong because a lot of energy is needed to overcome the strong attraction, ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.
Are ionic compounds electrical conductors when they’re solid.
Ionic compounds are not electrical conductors when they’re solid. But if you melt them or dissolve them in water they are able to conduct electricity.
What is the shape of an ionic compound?
Ionic compounds have a giant lattice structure. They are very strong, they have a high melting and boiling point, they are not conductors, except when dissolved in water.
What is Covalent Bonding?
Covalent bonding is when 2 atoms share one electron to each other.
