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Ion Concentrations Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperkalemia causes _________ rate and _______ force of contraction

A

Decreased

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2
Q

Hyperkalemia effects on ECG

A

Flattened P wave
Widening PR and QRS
Tall T waves

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3
Q

Hypokalemia ECG changes

A

Flattened T waves
Prolonged PR and QT intervals
Arrhythmias (progress to v fib)

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4
Q

Hypercalcemia ______ heart actions

A

Increases

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5
Q

Hypocalcemia ______ heart actions

A

Depresses

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6
Q

Hypermagnesemia can lead to

A

Arrhythmia

Cardiac arrest

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7
Q

Hypomagnesemia can cause

A

Ventricular arrhythmias
Coronary artery vasospasm
Sudden death

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8
Q

Normal potassium

A

3.5-5.5

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9
Q

Muscle weakness, aches, fatigue, cardiac arrhythmias, abdominal distention, nausea and vomiting

A

Hypokalemia

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10
Q

What causes hypokalemia

A

Deficient potassium or excessive loss due to diarrhea, vomiting, metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, renal tubular disease

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11
Q

What causes hyperkalemia

A

Inadequate secretion With acute renal failure, kidney disease, metabolic acidosis, diabetic keto acidosis, sickle cell anemia, SLE

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12
Q

Muscle weakness, arrhythmias, ECG changes

A

Hyperkalemia

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13
Q

Normal sodium

A

135-146

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14
Q

What causes hyponatremia

A

Water intoxication associated with excessive intake or excess ADH

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15
Q

Confusion, decreased mental alertness, convulsions, signs of increased interest cerebral pressure, poor motor coordination, sleepiness, anorexia

A

Hyponatremia

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16
Q

What causes hypernatremia

A

Water deficits with dehydration, insufficient water intake

17
Q

Circulatory congestion, pitting Edema, excessive weight gain, pulmonary edema with dyspnea, hypertension, tachycardia, agitation, restlessness, convulsions

A

Hypernatremia

18
Q

Normal calcium

19
Q

What causes hypocalcemia

A

Reduced albumin levels, hyperphosphatemia, hypo parathyroidism, malabsorption of calcium and vitamin D, alkalosis, acute pancreatitis, vitamin D deficiency

20
Q

Muscle cramps, tetany, spasms, paresthesias, anxiety, irritability, twitching convulsion, arrhythmias, hypotension

A

Hypocalcemia

21
Q

What causes hypercalcemia

A

Hyperparathyroidism, tumors, hyperthyroidism, vitamin A intoxication

22
Q

Fatigue, depression, mental confusion, nausea, vomiting, increased urination, occasional cardiac arrhythmias

A

Hypercalcemia

23
Q

Normal magnesium

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