ECG Flashcards
What does the p wave show
Atrial depolarization
What do PVCs do to the p wave
No p wave
What does a p wave look like in V tach
No p wave
What does a p wave look like in atrial arrhythmias
Abnormal or not identifiable
What does the p wave look like with hyperkalemia
Flattened
Which nutrient imbalance causes flattened p waves
Hyperkalemia
What does the PR interval show
Time for impulse to go from atria to conduction system to purkinje fibers
What does the QRS wave show
Ventricular depolarization
What does the QRS wave look like in PVC
Wide and premature
What does the QRS wave look like in v tach
Wide and bizarre
What does the QRS wave look like in v fib
No QRS
What does the QRS wave look like in hyperkalemia
Wide
What does the QRS wave look like in hypercalcemia
Wide
What does the QRS wave look like on antiarrhythmic agents
Prolonged QRS
What does the QRS wave look like in healthy individuals with exercise
Decreased R wave
Increased Q wave
Which nutrient imbalance causes the widening on the QRS wave
Hyperkalemia hypercalcemia
Which medication has a side effect of prolonging QRS
Antiarrhythmic agents
What does the ST segment indicate
The interval between depolarization and repolarization
What does the ST segment look like during coronary perfusion
Depression
What does the ST segment look like during hypothermia
Elevation
What does the ST segment look like on digitalis
Depression
What does the ST segment look like in the MI zone of injury
Elevated
What does the ST segment look like during exercise in a healthy individual
<1mm change
What does a less than 1mm change in ST segment signify with exercise?
Healthy
What does a greater than 1mm change in ST segment signify with exercise?
MI
Which medication may cause ST segment depression?
Digitalis
What does the T wave signify
Ventricular repolarization
What happens to the T wave with hyperkalemia
Peaked
What happens to the T wave with hypokalemia
Flattened/ inverted
What happens to the T wave on digitalis
Flattened
What happens to the T wave on quinidine
Flattened
What happens to the T wave in the MI zone of ischemia
Inverted
Which nutrient imbalance causes T wave peaking
Hyperkalemia
Which nutrient imbalance causes T wave flattening/ inversion
Hypokalemia
Which medication may causes T wave flattening
Digitalis and quinidine
What does the QT interval indicate
Time for electrical systole
What effect does hypercalcemia have on the QT interval
Shorten
What effect does hypocalcemia have on the QT interval
Prolonged
What effect does digitalis have on QT interval
Shortened
What effect does quinidine have on QT interval
Lengthened
What effect do antiarrhythmic agents have on QT interval
Prolonged
What effect does exercise have on QT interval in healthy individuals
Shorten
Which drug prolongs QT intervals
Antiarrhythmic agents
Which drug shortens QT intervals
Digitalis
Which drug lengthens the QT interval
Quinidine
What are the PVC emergencies
>6 per minute Paired PVC Sequential runs Multi focal Very early
What will you observe in the ECG of a patient in the zone of MI infarction
Q wave
What will you observe in the ECG of a patient in the zone of MI injury
Elevated ST segment
What will you observe in the ECG of a patient in the zone of MI ischemia
T wave inversion
What will you observe in the ECG of a patient with transmural MI
Q wave or ST segment elevation
What will you observe in the ECG of a patient with nontransmural MI
Non Q wave, non ST elevation
Changes in the anterior wall are seen on
V1-V6
Changes in the arteroseptal are seen on
V1-V2
Changes in the anteroapical are seen on
V3-V4
Changes in the anterolateral are seen on
V5-V6, I, aVL
Changes in the lateral wall are seen on
Leads I and aVL
Changes in the inferior wall are seen on
II, III, aVF
Changes in the posterior wall are seen on
Not usually seen on an ECG but V7-9
Arrhythmias with age
Longer PR and QT intervals
Wider QRS
