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Cardio 2 > invasive and non-invasive monitoring equipment > Flashcards

invasive and non-invasive monitoring equipment Flashcards

1
Q

what does Electrocardiogram monitor

A

heart rate and heart rhythm

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2
Q

what in basicc terms is a ECG

A

Graphic representation of electrical activity of the heart

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3
Q

Some indications of declining cardiac status

A
  • ST change (elevation or depression)
  • Onset, increase, or change of foci of premature ventricular contractions
    (PVCs)
  • Onset of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation
  • Onset of atrial flutter or fibrillation
  • Progression of heart block
  • Loss of pacer spike
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4
Q

what is a pulse ox measuring

A

Measurement of arterial oxygen saturation

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5
Q

what is pulse ox expressed as

A

oxygen bound to hemo

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6
Q

threshold for pulse ox

A

above 90%

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7
Q
  • Normal adult respiratory rate
A

12–18 bpm

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8
Q

tachypnea RR

A

above normal

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9
Q

bradypnea RR

A

below normal

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10
Q

Causes of tachypnea

A

Exercise
Atelectasis
Fever
Hypoxemia
Anxiety
Pain

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11
Q

Bradypnea

A

Head injuries
Sedation
Drug overdose

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12
Q

Indications of respiratory distress

A
  • Increased respiratory rate
  • Nasal flaring
  • Intercostal and sternal retractions
  • Visible expression of distress
  • Increased use of neck accessories
  • Paradoxical breathing
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13
Q

Paradoxical breathing

A

The deflation of a lung or of a portion of a lung during the phase of inspiration and the inflation of the lung during the phase of expiration

The chest and abdomen should expand when they inhale and contract when they exhale

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14
Q

Bispectral (BIS) index monitor assists with what

A

assists with monitoring sedation
levels in ICU

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15
Q

Bispectral (BIS) index monitor - what does it mesure

A

Measures the muscular and cortical activity

using a single, small, flexible sensor applied to forehead and temporal region

NI

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16
Q

what does 0 mean for Bispectral (BIS) index monitor

A

no cortical electrical activity/full suppression

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17
Q

what does 100 mean for Bispectral (BIS) index monitor

A

awake, aware, no suppression

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18
Q

Arterial Line invasive or non

A

invasive

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19
Q

Arterial Line function

A

Measurements of arterial blood pressure continuously

  • Systolic and diastolic
  • Mean arterial pressure
    (MAP) interpretation
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20
Q

Arterial Line common location

A

Radial artery or femoral artery

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21
Q

what is another advantage of the arterial line

A

Allows access for drawing blood for arterial blood gas

22
Q

Arterial Line parts

A
  • Pressure transducer
  • Pressure transmission
    (connective) tubing
  • Pressure monitor or recorder
23
Q

Transducer for an arterial line should be positioned where

A

at the level of the right atrium to assure accurate pressure values

24
Q

If transducer is too low - arterial line

A

blood pressure will read higher

25
If transducer is too high - arterial line
blood pressure will read lower
26
arterial line is dislodged
pressure nursing
27
Central Line function
Measures central venous pressure (CVP) or right atrial pressure
28
Central Line other functions
Allows IV access for medication administration
29
High CVP may result from
fluid overload, right ventricle failure, tricuspid insufficient, chronic left ventricular failure
30
Low CVP may result from
hyperlipemia and dehydration
31
Central Line prolonged placement name
PICC line
32
PICC line placment
cephalic, basilic, or brachial vein
33
Risks Associated During Insertion of Central Venous Access
* Pneumothorax(achestradiograph should be done to rule this out before mobilization) * Bleeding * Arrhythmias * Arterialentry
34
Pneumothorax
collasped lung
35
Delayed Risks Associated with Central Venous Access
* Infection * Catheterfracture * Catheterdislodgement * Catheterocculsion * Airinthecatheter
36
Pulmonary Artery Catheter other name
Swan–Ganz catheter
37
Pulmonary Artery Catheter (Swan–Ganz catheter) passes through what
passes through the right atrium and ventricle to rest in the pulmonary artery
38
Pulmonary Artery Catheter Distal port measures what
Distal port pulmonary art pressure
39
Pulmonary Artery Catheter proximal port measures what
atrial pressure
40
Complications of insertion and dislodgement of the PA catheter include:
* Malignant arrhythmias * Pulmonary artery rupture * Pulmonary valve tear * Infection
41
PA catheter mobilzation
recommended that mobilization, if essential, only be undertaken by an experienced clinican after it has been determined that the patient is hemodynamically stable.
42
Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) provide what kind of infromation
Primary indicator for ventricular performance * provides information regarding left atrial and ventricular end-diastolic pressures As measured by the Swan–Ganz catheter
43
left atrial and ventricular end-diastolic pressures normally
8 to 12 mm Hg
44
Swan–Ganz and CO
Measured using thermodilution technique
45
normal cardiac output
CO=4to8L/min
46
Cardiac index
cardiac output per square meter of body surface area à ~ 3.0 L/min/m2
47
Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2)
Balance between oxygen delivery and oxygen demand * Amount of oxygen returning to the heart * Direct measure of venous oxygen reserve swan
48
what is the most accurate why to get temp
rectal temp
49
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring normal
Range 0 to 10 mmHg (adults)
50
what is the ideal position for venous drainage
HOB >30 deg ideal position for venous drainage
51
Activities That Cause an Increase ICP
* Isometric exercise * Valsalva maneuver * Extreme hip flexion * Lateral neck flexion * Coughing * Prone position * Head below 15 degrees horizontal * Occlusion of the tube * Pain

Cardio 2 (12 decks)

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