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Cardio 2 > invasive and non-invasive monitoring equipment > Flashcards

invasive and non-invasive monitoring equipment Flashcards

1
Q

what does Electrocardiogram monitor

A

heart rate and heart rhythm

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2
Q

what in basicc terms is a ECG

A

Graphic representation of electrical activity of the heart

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3
Q

Some indications of declining cardiac status

A
  • ST change (elevation or depression)
  • Onset, increase, or change of foci of premature ventricular contractions
    (PVCs)
  • Onset of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation
  • Onset of atrial flutter or fibrillation
  • Progression of heart block
  • Loss of pacer spike
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4
Q

what is a pulse ox measuring

A

Measurement of arterial oxygen saturation

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5
Q

what is pulse ox expressed as

A

oxygen bound to hemo

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6
Q

threshold for pulse ox

A

above 90%

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7
Q
  • Normal adult respiratory rate
A

12–18 bpm

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8
Q

tachypnea RR

A

above normal

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9
Q

bradypnea RR

A

below normal

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10
Q

Causes of tachypnea

A

Exercise
Atelectasis
Fever
Hypoxemia
Anxiety
Pain

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11
Q

Bradypnea

A

Head injuries
Sedation
Drug overdose

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12
Q

Indications of respiratory distress

A
  • Increased respiratory rate
  • Nasal flaring
  • Intercostal and sternal retractions
  • Visible expression of distress
  • Increased use of neck accessories
  • Paradoxical breathing
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13
Q

Paradoxical breathing

A

The deflation of a lung or of a portion of a lung during the phase of inspiration and the inflation of the lung during the phase of expiration

The chest and abdomen should expand when they inhale and contract when they exhale

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14
Q

Bispectral (BIS) index monitor assists with what

A

assists with monitoring sedation
levels in ICU

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15
Q

Bispectral (BIS) index monitor - what does it mesure

A

Measures the muscular and cortical activity

using a single, small, flexible sensor applied to forehead and temporal region

NI

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16
Q

what does 0 mean for Bispectral (BIS) index monitor

A

no cortical electrical activity/full suppression

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17
Q

what does 100 mean for Bispectral (BIS) index monitor

A

awake, aware, no suppression

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18
Q

Arterial Line invasive or non

A

invasive

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19
Q

Arterial Line function

A

Measurements of arterial blood pressure continuously

  • Systolic and diastolic
  • Mean arterial pressure
    (MAP) interpretation
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20
Q

Arterial Line common location

A

Radial artery or femoral artery

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21
Q

what is another advantage of the arterial line

A

Allows access for drawing blood for arterial blood gas

22
Q

Arterial Line parts

A
  • Pressure transducer
  • Pressure transmission
    (connective) tubing
  • Pressure monitor or recorder
23
Q

Transducer for an arterial line should be positioned where

A

at the level of the right atrium to assure accurate pressure values

24
Q

If transducer is too low - arterial line

A

blood pressure will read higher

25
Q

If transducer is too high - arterial line

A

blood pressure will read lower

26
Q

arterial line is dislodged

A

pressure
nursing

27
Q

Central Line function

A

Measures central venous pressure (CVP) or right atrial pressure

28
Q

Central Line other functions

A

Allows IV access for medication administration

29
Q

High CVP may result from

A

fluid overload, right ventricle failure, tricuspid insufficient, chronic left ventricular failure

30
Q

Low CVP may result from

A

hyperlipemia and dehydration

31
Q

Central Line prolonged placement name

A

PICC line

32
Q

PICC line placment

A

cephalic, basilic, or brachial vein

33
Q

Risks Associated During Insertion of Central Venous Access

A
  • Pneumothorax(achestradiograph should be done to rule this out before mobilization)
  • Bleeding
  • Arrhythmias
  • Arterialentry
34
Q

Pneumothorax

A

collasped lung

35
Q

Delayed Risks Associated with Central Venous Access

A
  • Infection
  • Catheterfracture
  • Catheterdislodgement
  • Catheterocculsion
  • Airinthecatheter
36
Q

Pulmonary Artery Catheter other name

A

Swan–Ganz catheter

37
Q

Pulmonary Artery Catheter (Swan–Ganz catheter) passes through what

A

passes through the right atrium and ventricle to rest in the pulmonary artery

38
Q

Pulmonary Artery Catheter Distal port measures what

A

Distal port pulmonary art pressure

39
Q

Pulmonary Artery Catheter proximal port measures what

A

atrial pressure

40
Q

Complications of insertion and dislodgement of the PA catheter include:

A
  • Malignant arrhythmias
  • Pulmonary artery rupture
  • Pulmonary valve tear
  • Infection
41
Q

PA catheter mobilzation

A

recommended that mobilization, if essential, only be undertaken by an experienced clinican after it has been determined that the patient is hemodynamically stable.

42
Q

Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) provide what kind of infromation

A

Primary indicator for ventricular performance

  • provides information regarding left atrial and ventricular end-diastolic pressures

As measured by the Swan–Ganz catheter

43
Q

left atrial and ventricular end-diastolic pressures normally

A

8 to 12 mm Hg

44
Q

Swan–Ganz and CO

A

Measured using thermodilution technique

45
Q

normal cardiac output

A

CO=4to8L/min

46
Q

Cardiac index

A

cardiac output per square meter of body surface area à ~ 3.0 L/min/m2

47
Q

Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2)

A

Balance between oxygen delivery and oxygen demand

  • Amount of oxygen returning to the heart
  • Direct measure of venous oxygen reserve

swan

48
Q

what is the most accurate why to get temp

A

rectal temp

49
Q

Intracranial Pressure Monitoring normal

A

Range 0 to 10 mmHg (adults)

50
Q

what is the ideal position for venous drainage

A

HOB >30 deg ideal position for venous drainage

51
Q

Activities That Cause an Increase ICP

A
  • Isometric exercise
  • Valsalva maneuver
  • Extreme hip flexion
  • Lateral neck flexion
  • Coughing
  • Prone position
  • Head below 15 degrees horizontal * Occlusion of the tube
  • Pain

Cardio 2 (12 decks)

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