Additional Cardiac and Vascular Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac Ablation used for

A

Procedure to correct cardiac arrhythmias

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2
Q

Cardiac Ablation mechanism

A

Works by scarring or destroying tissue in the heart that triggers abnormal heart rhythm

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3
Q

by which method is Cardiac Ablation completed

A

Often completed with catheters transfemorally but can be done via median sternotomy

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4
Q

How does a Cardiac pacemaker work

A

electronic pulse generator used to create an artificial action potential

Initiate myocardial depolarization by creating electrical voltage

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5
Q

Cardiac pacemaker controls what kind of issues

A

Control of some types of cardiac arrhythmias

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6
Q

Indicatiosn for Cardiac pacemaker

A

SA node disorders, atrioventricular nodal disorders, tachyarrhythmias

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7
Q

Cardiac pacing leads two types

A

Endocardial leads
Epicardial leads

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8
Q

Endocardial leads

A

placed inside the right atrium, right ventricle,
or both via transvenous route

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9
Q

Epicardial leads

A

attached directly to surface of right atrium or right and left ventricle

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10
Q

pacing lead and flexure

A

Pacing lead is tolerant of repeated flexure

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11
Q

type of pacemakeres

A

A. dual chamber pacemaker
B. dual lead AV pacemaker (right-sided),
C. biventricular pacemaker

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12
Q

Generic pacemaker code

A

NBG Code
Five positions make up the code

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13
Q

Precautions after Pacemaker Insertion

A
  • Sling for 24 hours to 1 week to be worn on ipsilateral side of pacemaker placement
  • No shoulder flexion and abduction > 90 degrees for 30 days
  • No shoulder extension past neutral
  • No lifting, pushing, pulling over 5 lbs.
  • Patient may be instructed to avoid use of cane/walker on affected side
  • Patient may be instructed to use handrails for guidance/balance only
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14
Q

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD or AICD) function

A

Similar to pacemaker, but designed to correct life- threatening arrhythmias

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15
Q

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD or AICD) and pacemaker

A

Implanted into the patient with or without a pacemaker

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16
Q

Patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of <30% life expectancy

A

have a three to five time increase in the incidence of sudden death

17
Q

Carotid Endarterectomy for what kind of pt

A

For patients with severe Carotid Artery Disease

18
Q

Carotid Endarterectomy outcome

A

decreased risk of stroke

19
Q

Endovascular Angioplasty what kind of patients

A

For patients with severe Carotid Artery Disease

20
Q

Endovascular Angioplasty pathway

A

Catheter inserted through femoral artery, through aortic
arch, and up to carotid artery

21
Q

Endovascular Angioplasty purpose

A

Remove plaque and place stents

22
Q

Endovascular Angioplasty advantages

A

less invasive, less pain, early mobility, spares SCM muscle, and faster recovery

23
Q

Common risk factors thoracic aneurysms

A

hypertension,hypercholesterolemia, prior tobacco use, collagen vascular disease, family history of aortic disease

24
Q

Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) classified by what

A

by location, size, shape, etiology

25
Indications for surgery for Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs)
* Aneurysms greateror equal to 5cm or with rapid aneurysm enlargement * Sudden change in pain
26
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy approaches
Open approach or minimally evasive (EAVR)
27
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy risk
Patients at high risk for pulmonary complications due to incisional pain limiting cough and deep breathing
28
Peripheral Vascular Interventions type is determined by
* Characteristics of a lesion (location, stenosis vs. occlusion, length) * Pattern of arterial occlusion disease (multilevel vs. single level, runoff status) * Patient demographics (gender, diabetes?) * Clinical situation (recurrent disease and indications) * Intraprocedural factors (initial hemodynamic response)
29
Bypass procedures weight bearing
typically WBAT
30
Amputations weight bearing
NWB
31
Claudication
Pain in the legs or arms that occurs while walking or using the arms. The pain is caused by too little blood flow to the legs or arms.