Additional Cardiac and Vascular Procedures Flashcards
Cardiac Ablation used for
Procedure to correct cardiac arrhythmias
Cardiac Ablation mechanism
Works by scarring or destroying tissue in the heart that triggers abnormal heart rhythm
by which method is Cardiac Ablation completed
Often completed with catheters transfemorally but can be done via median sternotomy
How does a Cardiac pacemaker work
electronic pulse generator used to create an artificial action potential
Initiate myocardial depolarization by creating electrical voltage
Cardiac pacemaker controls what kind of issues
Control of some types of cardiac arrhythmias
Indicatiosn for Cardiac pacemaker
SA node disorders, atrioventricular nodal disorders, tachyarrhythmias
Cardiac pacing leads two types
Endocardial leads
Epicardial leads
Endocardial leads
placed inside the right atrium, right ventricle,
or both via transvenous route
Epicardial leads
attached directly to surface of right atrium or right and left ventricle
pacing lead and flexure
Pacing lead is tolerant of repeated flexure
type of pacemakeres
A. dual chamber pacemaker
B. dual lead AV pacemaker (right-sided),
C. biventricular pacemaker
Generic pacemaker code
NBG Code
Five positions make up the code
Precautions after Pacemaker Insertion
- Sling for 24 hours to 1 week to be worn on ipsilateral side of pacemaker placement
- No shoulder flexion and abduction > 90 degrees for 30 days
- No shoulder extension past neutral
- No lifting, pushing, pulling over 5 lbs.
- Patient may be instructed to avoid use of cane/walker on affected side
- Patient may be instructed to use handrails for guidance/balance only
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD or AICD) function
Similar to pacemaker, but designed to correct life- threatening arrhythmias
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD or AICD) and pacemaker
Implanted into the patient with or without a pacemaker
Patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of <30% life expectancy
have a three to five time increase in the incidence of sudden death
Carotid Endarterectomy for what kind of pt
For patients with severe Carotid Artery Disease
Carotid Endarterectomy outcome
decreased risk of stroke
Endovascular Angioplasty what kind of patients
For patients with severe Carotid Artery Disease
Endovascular Angioplasty pathway
Catheter inserted through femoral artery, through aortic
arch, and up to carotid artery
Endovascular Angioplasty purpose
Remove plaque and place stents
Endovascular Angioplasty advantages
less invasive, less pain, early mobility, spares SCM muscle, and faster recovery
Common risk factors thoracic aneurysms
hypertension,hypercholesterolemia, prior tobacco use, collagen vascular disease, family history of aortic disease
Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) classified by what
by location, size, shape, etiology
Indications for surgery for Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs)
- Aneurysms greateror equal to 5cm or
with rapid aneurysm enlargement - Sudden change in pain
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy approaches
Open approach or minimally evasive (EAVR)
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy risk
Patients at high risk for pulmonary complications due to incisional pain limiting cough and deep breathing
Peripheral Vascular Interventions type is determined by
- Characteristics of a lesion (location, stenosis vs. occlusion, length)
- Pattern of arterial occlusion disease (multilevel vs. single level, runoff status)
- Patient demographics (gender, diabetes?)
- Clinical situation (recurrent disease and indications)
- Intraprocedural factors (initial hemodynamic response)
Bypass procedures weight bearing
typically WBAT
Amputations weight bearing
NWB
Claudication
Pain in the legs or arms that occurs while walking or using the arms.
The pain is caused by too little blood flow to the legs or arms.
