Additional Cardiac and Vascular Procedures

Question 1

Cardiac Ablation used for

Answer 1

Procedure to correct cardiac arrhythmias

Question 2

Cardiac Ablation mechanism

Answer 2

Works by scarring or destroying tissue in the heart that triggers abnormal heart rhythm

Question 3

by which method is Cardiac Ablation completed

Answer 3

Often completed with catheters transfemorally but can be done via median sternotomy

Question 4

How does a Cardiac pacemaker work

Answer 4

electronic pulse generator used to create an artificial action potential

Initiate myocardial depolarization by creating electrical voltage

Question 5

Cardiac pacemaker controls what kind of issues

Answer 5

Control of some types of cardiac arrhythmias

Question 6

Indicatiosn for Cardiac pacemaker

Answer 6

SA node disorders, atrioventricular nodal disorders, tachyarrhythmias

Question 7

Cardiac pacing leads two types

Answer 7

Endocardial leads
Epicardial leads

Question 8

Endocardial leads

Answer 8

placed inside the right atrium, right ventricle,
or both via transvenous route

Question 9

Epicardial leads

Answer 9

attached directly to surface of right atrium or right and left ventricle

Question 10

pacing lead and flexure

Answer 10

Pacing lead is tolerant of repeated flexure

Question 11

type of pacemakeres

Answer 11

A. dual chamber pacemaker
B. dual lead AV pacemaker (right-sided),
C. biventricular pacemaker

Question 12

Generic pacemaker code

Answer 12

NBG Code
Five positions make up the code

Question 13

Precautions after Pacemaker Insertion

Answer 13

• Sling for 24 hours to 1 week to be worn on ipsilateral side of pacemaker placement
• No shoulder flexion and abduction > 90 degrees for 30 days
• No shoulder extension past neutral
• No lifting, pushing, pulling over 5 lbs.
• Patient may be instructed to avoid use of cane/walker on affected side
• Patient may be instructed to use handrails for guidance/balance only

Question 14

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD or AICD) function

Answer 14

Similar to pacemaker, but designed to correct life- threatening arrhythmias

Question 15

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD or AICD) and pacemaker

Answer 15

Implanted into the patient with or without a pacemaker

Question 16

Patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of <30% life expectancy

Answer 16

have a three to five time increase in the incidence of sudden death

Question 17

Carotid Endarterectomy for what kind of pt

Answer 17

For patients with severe Carotid Artery Disease

Question 18

Carotid Endarterectomy outcome

Answer 18

decreased risk of stroke

Question 19

Endovascular Angioplasty what kind of patients

Answer 19

For patients with severe Carotid Artery Disease

Question 20

Endovascular Angioplasty pathway

Answer 20

Catheter inserted through femoral artery, through aortic
arch, and up to carotid artery

Question 21

Endovascular Angioplasty purpose

Answer 21

Remove plaque and place stents

Question 22

Endovascular Angioplasty advantages

Answer 22

less invasive, less pain, early mobility, spares SCM muscle, and faster recovery

Question 23

Common risk factors thoracic aneurysms

Answer 23

hypertension,hypercholesterolemia, prior tobacco use, collagen vascular disease, family history of aortic disease

Question 24

Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) classified by what

Answer 24

by location, size, shape, etiology

Question 25

Indications for surgery for Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs)

Answer 25

• Aneurysms greateror equal to 5cm or
  with rapid aneurysm enlargement
• Sudden change in pain

Question 26

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy approaches

Answer 26

Open approach or minimally evasive (EAVR)

Question 27

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy risk

Answer 27

Patients at high risk for pulmonary complications due to incisional pain limiting cough and deep breathing

Question 28

Peripheral Vascular Interventions type is determined by

Answer 28

• Characteristics of a lesion (location, stenosis vs. occlusion, length)
• Pattern of arterial occlusion disease (multilevel vs. single level, runoff status)
• Patient demographics (gender, diabetes?)
• Clinical situation (recurrent disease and indications)
• Intraprocedural factors (initial hemodynamic response)

Question 29

Bypass procedures weight bearing

Answer 29

typically WBAT

Question 30

Amputations weight bearing

Answer 30

NWB

Question 31

Claudication

Answer 31

Pain in the legs or arms that occurs while walking or using the arms.

The pain is caused by too little blood flow to the legs or arms.