IntrotoInfectiousDisease Flashcards
What type of antibiotics are stimulated by host flora?
Cross-protective
Can normal flora become pathogenic?
yes
Infection has organism presence, organ damage, and inflammation. How is that different from colonization?
Colonization just has organism present
What do increased bands in circulation indicate??
Left shift, leukemia
T/F, lymphocytes make antibodies
TRUE
What is the difference btwn the cell wall in gram + vs - ?
+ = rigid thick, peptidoglycan, crosslinked
- = think layer, 1/ 2glycan chains, protected by protein outer layer
What is the minimum inhibitory concentration and what are the 3 breakpoints?
Lowest concentration of antibiotic that inhibits visible growth of bacteria
Susceptible, intermediate, and resistant
What are the aerobic gram + cocci?
Staph aureus, staph epidermidis, staph saprophyticus, entero faecalis, entero faecium, entero durans, B hemolytic, viridas strp A hemolytic, strep pneumoniae
What are the B hemolytic gram + cocci?
Strep pyogenes ( group A), strep agalactiae (group B), strep bovis (nonenterococci, group D)
What are the viridan A hemolytics?
Strep sangius, salvarius, mitis, and mutans
What are the 3 staphylococcal resistant drugs
Penicillin, methicillin, methicillin- susceptible isolates
Where does staph colonize?
Skin and nose
Which strep colonizes on the skin?
Group A- strep pyogenes
Which strep colonizes on the mouth?
Viridans, anaerobes
Which strep colonizes on the nasopharynx?
Group A- strep pyogenes
Which strep colonizes on the lower GI?
Group D strep bovis, viridans, anaerobes
Which strep colonizes on the female GU?
Group B strep agalactiae
Which strep causes cellulitis?
Group A s. pyogenes
Which strep causes dental carries?
Viridan strep
Which strep causes pharyngitis?
Group A S. pyogenes
Which strep causes bacteremia/ endocarditis?
Viridans
Which strep causes neonatal meningitis?
Group B S. agalactiae
What is the tx for streptococcus?
Penicillin
Pneumococci are A or B hemolytic? Where do they colonize?
Alpha
Oropharynx/ nasopharynx
Pneumococci cause what type of infections?
Otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, CAP, meningitis
Pts that lack what anatomical structure are at risk for fulminant sepsis syndrome and why?
Spleen- they cannot clear encapsulated organisms
What are the encapsulated organisms?
S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, N. menigitidis
How do you tx pneumococci?
3rd generation cephs d/t penicillin resistant strains
Where do enterococci colonize and what type of infections do they cause?
GI, female GU
Opportunistic infections, UTI, bacteremia/ enterocarditis, and intra abdominal infections
What are the gram ñ aerobic classes?
Rods, enterobacteria, cocci, other?
Some important enterobacteraciaes areÖ.
Enterobacter spp, e coli, klebsiella pneumo, proteus vulgnas, proteus mirabilis, serratia marcenena
Some important ìotherî gram ñ organismsÖ
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bordatella pertussis, legionella pneumophilia
Enterobacteraciae cause what type of infections?
UTI, intra abdominal, bacteremia, nosocomial pneumonia, DM infections
Is pseudomonas aeruginosa a normal flora?
No, opportunist
Seen in immunocompromised
What organisms do you ì double coverî for?
Serratia, pseudomonas, acinetobacter, citrobacter, enterobacter
H influenzae is only encapsulated T/F?
FALSE
Diff btwn encapsulated and non encapsulated H influenzae?
Capsulated- virulent causes, meningitis
Non- cap- upper resp, otitis media, sinusitis, CAP
Which gram ñ cocci are humans the only natural host?
Neisseria menigitidis
What capsule requires the spleen for elimination ?
Polysaccharide capsules
What anaerobes are found above the diaphragm?
Peptostreptococcus spp, actinomyces spp, and fusobacterium
What anaerobes are found below the diaphragm?
Bacteroides fragilis, lactobacillus, clostridium spp
What are anaerobes assocaiated with ?
Inta-abd. Infection, aspiration pneumonia, endometritis, PID, diabetic LE infections, dental carries, and head/neck
What are the atypical bacteria and what do they result in?
Mycoplasma pneumonia, legionella pneumophilia, chlamydophilia pneumoniae
Community acquired pneumonia
What is the mnemonic and the organisms that have capsules?
Even some super killers have pretty nice capsules
E. coli, Strp pneumo, salmonella, klebsiella pneumo, H influenzae, pseudomonas aerginosa, neisseria meningitidis, Cryptococcus neoformans
What are the 9 important classes of bacterial pathogens?
Streptococcis- group A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Enterococcus
Staphylococci
Atypical bacteria
H influenzae
Gram – rods
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Anaerobes
