IntrotoInfectiousDisease

Question 1

What type of antibiotics are stimulated by host flora?

Answer 1

Cross-protective

Question 2

Can normal flora become pathogenic?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

Infection has organism presence, organ damage, and inflammation. How is that different from colonization?

Answer 3

Colonization just has organism present

Question 4

What do increased bands in circulation indicate??

Answer 4

Left shift, leukemia

Question 5

T/F, lymphocytes make antibodies

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

What is the difference btwn the cell wall in gram + vs - ?

Answer 6

+ = rigid thick, peptidoglycan, crosslinked

• = think layer, 1/ 2glycan chains, protected by protein outer layer

Question 7

What is the minimum inhibitory concentration and what are the 3 breakpoints?

Answer 7

Lowest concentration of antibiotic that inhibits visible growth of bacteria

Susceptible, intermediate, and resistant

Question 8

What are the aerobic gram + cocci?

Answer 8

Staph aureus, staph epidermidis, staph saprophyticus, entero faecalis, entero faecium, entero durans, B hemolytic, viridas strp A hemolytic, strep pneumoniae

Question 9

What are the B hemolytic gram + cocci?

Answer 9

Strep pyogenes ( group A), strep agalactiae (group B), strep bovis (nonenterococci, group D)

Question 10

What are the viridan A hemolytics?

Answer 10

Strep sangius, salvarius, mitis, and mutans

Question 11

What are the 3 staphylococcal resistant drugs

Answer 11

Penicillin, methicillin, methicillin- susceptible isolates

Question 12

Where does staph colonize?

Answer 12

Skin and nose

Question 13

Which strep colonizes on the skin?

Answer 13

Group A- strep pyogenes

Question 14

Which strep colonizes on the mouth?

Answer 14

Viridans, anaerobes

Question 15

Which strep colonizes on the nasopharynx?

Answer 15

Group A- strep pyogenes

Question 16

Which strep colonizes on the lower GI?

Answer 16

Group D strep bovis, viridans, anaerobes

Question 17

Which strep colonizes on the female GU?

Answer 17

Group B strep agalactiae

Question 18

Which strep causes cellulitis?

Answer 18

Group A s. pyogenes

Question 19

Which strep causes dental carries?

Answer 19

Viridan strep

Question 20

Which strep causes pharyngitis?

Answer 20

Group A S. pyogenes

Question 21

Which strep causes bacteremia/ endocarditis?

Answer 21

Viridans

Question 22

Which strep causes neonatal meningitis?

Answer 22

Group B S. agalactiae

Question 23

What is the tx for streptococcus?

Answer 23

Penicillin

Question 24

Pneumococci are A or B hemolytic? Where do they colonize?

Answer 24

Alpha

Oropharynx/ nasopharynx

Question 25

Pneumococci cause what type of infections?

Answer 25

Otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, CAP, meningitis

Question 26

Pts that lack what anatomical structure are at risk for fulminant sepsis syndrome and why?

Answer 26

Spleen- they cannot clear encapsulated organisms

Question 27

What are the encapsulated organisms?

Answer 27

S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, N. menigitidis

Question 28

How do you tx pneumococci?

Answer 28

3rd generation cephs d/t penicillin resistant strains

Question 29

Where do enterococci colonize and what type of infections do they cause?

Answer 29

GI, female GU Opportunistic infections, UTI, bacteremia/ enterocarditis, and intra abdominal infections

Question 30

What are the gram ñ aerobic classes?

Answer 30

Rods, enterobacteria, cocci, other?

Question 31

Some important enterobacteraciaes areÖ.

Answer 31

Enterobacter spp, e coli, klebsiella pneumo, proteus vulgnas, proteus mirabilis, serratia marcenena

Question 32

Some important ìotherî gram ñ organismsÖ

Answer 32

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bordatella pertussis, legionella pneumophilia

Question 33

Enterobacteraciae cause what type of infections?

Answer 33

UTI, intra abdominal, bacteremia, nosocomial pneumonia, DM infections

Question 34

Is pseudomonas aeruginosa a normal flora?

Answer 34

No, opportunist Seen in immunocompromised

Question 35

What organisms do you ì double coverî for?

Answer 35

Serratia, pseudomonas, acinetobacter, citrobacter, enterobacter

Question 36

H influenzae is only encapsulated T/F?

Answer 36

FALSE

Question 37

Diff btwn encapsulated and non encapsulated H influenzae?

Answer 37

Capsulated- virulent causes, meningitis Non- cap- upper resp, otitis media, sinusitis, CAP

Question 38

Which gram ñ cocci are humans the only natural host?

Answer 38

Neisseria menigitidis

Question 39

What capsule requires the spleen for elimination ?

Answer 39

Polysaccharide capsules

Question 40

What anaerobes are found above the diaphragm?

Answer 40

Peptostreptococcus spp, actinomyces spp, and fusobacterium

Question 41

What anaerobes are found below the diaphragm?

Answer 41

Bacteroides fragilis, lactobacillus, clostridium spp

Question 42

What are anaerobes assocaiated with ?

Answer 42

Inta-abd. Infection, aspiration pneumonia, endometritis, PID, diabetic LE infections, dental carries, and head/neck

Question 43

What are the atypical bacteria and what do they result in?

Answer 43

Mycoplasma pneumonia, legionella pneumophilia, chlamydophilia pneumoniae Community acquired pneumonia

Question 44

What is the mnemonic and the organisms that have capsules?

Answer 44

Even some super killers have pretty nice capsules E. coli, Strp pneumo, salmonella, klebsiella pneumo, H influenzae, pseudomonas aerginosa, neisseria meningitidis, Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 45

What are the 9 important classes of bacterial pathogens?

Answer 45

Streptococcis- group A Streptococcus pneumoniae Enterococcus Staphylococci Atypical bacteria H influenzae Gram – rods Pseudomonas aeruginosa Anaerobes