Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PharmQ1Questions > AntibacterialAntibioticsC > Flashcards

AntibacterialAntibioticsC Flashcards

1
Q

A drug may be static or cidal depending on what factors?

A

Concentration of drug, site of infection, and infecting organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the aminoglycoside spectrum of activity?

A

Active against aerobic gram ñ bacilli, usually used in combo with other agents, exhibits concentration-dependent killing and have a pronounced post- antibiotic effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the most widely used aminoglycosides?

A

Gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which drugs related to aminoglycosides are used to tx gonorrhea in pts with PCN allergies?

A

Streptomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the ADRs of aminoglycosides

A

Ototoxicity- may be reversible, Nephrotoxicity- - usually reversible, Avoid in sulfite allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Can aminoglycosides be orally absorbed?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the gentomicin dosing strategies?

A

Once daily- recommended 5-7mg/kg daily, Multiple daily: synergy dose- load 3mg/kg then 1mg/kg Q 8hrs maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are aminoglycoside drug interactions?

A

Increased nephrotoxicity w/ loop diuretics, Resp depression when given w/ non depolarizing muscle relaxants, Neomycin affects digoxin levels- alters GI flora for metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are category D aminoglycosides for special populations?

A

Amikacin, streptomycin, tobramycin, kanamycin, 8th cranial nerve toxicity in fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are category C aminoglycosides for special populations?

A

Gentamicin, neomycin- minimal absorption PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is another special population for aminoglycosides?

A

Breastfeeding- AAP compatible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 groups of tetracyclines based on PK traits?

A

Short-acting- oxytetracycline, tetracycline, Intermediate- acting- demeclocycline (no longer an antibiotic), Long-acting- preferred, doxycycline and minocycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the MOA for tetracyclines?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis, reversibly binds to 30S subunit of RNA, Bacteriostatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most important mechanism of resistance?

A

Bacterial efflux pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the most common ADRs of tetrcayclines?

A

N,V,D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What rxn is limited to minocycline use?

A

Vestibular, lupus like rxn

17
Q

How are tetracyclines eliminated?

A

Mostly kidneys

18
Q

What is the 3rd generation TCN and what is it indicated for?

A

Tigecycline, Tx : complicated intraabdominal infections, complicated skin infections

19
Q

What drug is reserved for life threatening infections like typhoid and why?

A

Chloramphenicol, Bc it can cause blood dyscrasias

20
Q

What 2 populations should chloramphenicol NEVER be used in?

A

Pregnant women and neonates

21
Q

What are the macrolides and their MOA?

A

Erythromycin, clanthromycin, azithromycin, Inhibit protein synthesis, bacteriostatic at low doses but bactericidal at high concentrations

22
Q

What is the spectrum of activity for macrolides?

A

Erythromycin: gram + bacteria and spirochets ( legionella, N.gonorrheae, n. meningitidis, h influenzae), Clarithromycin and Azithromycin: gram + and anaerobic (h influenzae, h pylori, mycobacterium avium, )

23
Q

Which macrolide is H. influenzae resistant?

A

Erythromycin

24
Q

What are the ADRs of erythromycin?

A

GI- N/V/D most common. Some CV, cholestatic jaundice

25
Q

Why is erythromycin administered as enteric coated tablet or capsule?

A

Base is destroyed in the stomach acid

26
Q

What are drug interactions for macrolides?

A

CYP3A4(erythro/ clarithro) Lots of interactions

27
Q

Is azithromycin metabolized by the CYP3A4?

A

NO

28
Q

What are ketolides and what organisms do they have activity against?

A

New macrolide, semi-synthetic derivative of erythro, Increased activity against gram + and macrolide resistant strains

29
Q

What is telithromycin indicated for?

A

CAP, sinusitis, bronchitis

30
Q

What is the black box for telithromycin?

A

Liver failure, death, risk of ventricular arrhythmias, contraindication for MG

31
Q

What is the spectrum of activity for clindamycin and what is its most important indication?

A

Gram +, and anerobes , Most important indication for tx of anaerobic or mixed infections

32
Q

What is the topical indication for clindamycin?

A

acne

33
Q

Clindamycin is the most common antibiotic to cause what?

A

C diff

34
Q

What are the indications of Quinupristin- dalfopristin?

A

Life threatening infections associated with vanco-resistant bacteremia ( VRE)

35
Q

What are the oxazolidinones and their indications?

A

Linezolid and tedizoid, VRE/MRSA

36
Q

When is linezoid a bacteriostatic? Cidal?

A

Static: enterococci/staph, Cidal: strep

37
Q

What do you need to be concerned for when prescribing tedizoid

A

C diff

38
Q

What is the tRNA inhibitor and its indications?

A

Mupirocin, Topical skin tx- like impetigo. ( bactroban)

PharmQ1Questions (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions