IntrotoABX Flashcards
T/F, all antibiotics can elicit an allergic response?
TRUE
What agents inhibit cell wall synthesis?
Beta lactams, vancomycin, daptomycin and bacitracin
Detergens (polymyxin) do what?
Act directly on the cell membrane of microorganisms affecting permeability and lead to leakage of intracellular components
Which agents interact with bacterial ribosomes?
Chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, macrolides, clindamycin, streptogramins, and ketolides
Which agents block initiation of protein synthesis?
oxazolidinones
Which agents inhibit tRNA synthesis?
mupirocin
Which agent has multiple mechanisms and leads to the disruption of RNA processing?
Aminoglycosides
Quinolones inhibit what?
DNA topoisonerases
What directly inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase?
Rifampin
What indirectly inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Nitrofuratoin
What do antimetabolites do?
Block bacterial folic acid pathways
What are examples of antimetabolites?
Trimethoprim and sulfonamide
What are the 2 ways antibiotics are used?
Empirical therapy and definitive therapy
What are bacteriocidal and static categories?
1) directly kill bacteria
2) arrest growth or replication of bacteria—host immune system then eliminates pathogens
How does resistance occur?
Drugs fail to reach their target (change in cell wall to increase efflux, decrease in cell membrane permeability, and decrease in cytoplasmic membrane transport)
Drug is inactivated
Target is altered
Adaptation that bypass need for a binding site
