Intro.Microbes Flashcards
List the 4 different categories of micro-organisms
Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Parasites
What are the arrangements of cocci
Clusters
Chains
What determines whether a bacteria is gram positive/negative ?
Detention of stain to glycated & cell wall
Define aerobes and anaerobes
Aerobes: able to survive in the presence of oxygen
Anaerobes: able to survive in the absence of oxygen
Define obligate aerobes&anaerobes
Obligate aerobes: require oxygen for survival
Obligate anaerobes: require oxygen-free environment for survival (unless able to form spores)
Define virulence factor
Factors that determine a pathogen’s ability to infect/damage host tissues
What are the virulence factors in bacterial pathogenesis?
Host entry
Adherence to host cells
Invasiveness
Iron sequestration
Types of fungi
Yeasts (single-celled)
Molds (multicellular)
Types of parasites
Protozoa (single-celled)
Helminths (worms, multi-cellular)
What is iron sequestration
Innate immune mechanism against invading pathogens mediated by iron-binding proteins (transferrin)
Example of host entry (virulence factor)
Polysaccharide capsule
Example of adherence to host cells
Pili and fimbriae
Example of Invasiveness
Enzymes such as collagenase
Example of iron sequestration
Siderophores
Examples of yeasts
Candida albicans
Cryptococcus neoformans
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Examples of molds
Aspergillus species
Dermatophytes
Examples of Protozoa
Giardia lamblia
Example of helminths
Roundworms (e.g.Enterobius vermicularis)
Tapeworms (e.g. Taenia saginata)
Flukes (e.g. Schistosoma mansonia)
What microbes cause cellulitis
Group A streptococcus
Staphylococcus aureus
Haemophilia influenza type B
What is a common vaginal commensal organism
Lactobacilli
