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Oral Biology > Introduction to Tooth Morphology > Flashcards

Introduction to Tooth Morphology Flashcards

Outline the basic concepts of tooth morphology

1
Q

The upper jaw is called?

A

Maxilla

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2
Q

The lower jaw is called?

A

Mandible

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3
Q

The upper jaw teeth are called?

A

Maxillary teeth

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4
Q

The lower jaw teeth are called?

A

Mandibular teeth

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5
Q

The oral jaws are split into how many quadrants?

A

4 quadrants

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6
Q

The quadrants are separated by?

A

The midline +

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7
Q

How many main types of teeth are there?

A

4

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8
Q

Name the main types of teeth

A

Incisors, Canines, Premolars, Molars

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9
Q

How many teeth are there in an adult mouth if they have all erupted?

A

32

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10
Q

How many incisors are there and what are their names?

A

8 in total

4 Maxillary: Maxillary Right & Left central incisors + Maxillary Right & Left lateral incisors

4 Mandibular: Mandibular Right &Left central incisors + Mandibular Right & Left lateral incisors

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11
Q

Incisors are the..

A

Cutting teeth

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12
Q

How many canines are there and what are their names?

A

4 in total

2 Maxillary: Maxillary Right & Left canines

2 Mandibular: Mandibular Right & Left canines

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13
Q

Canines are…

A

Piercing or tear teeth

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14
Q

How many premolars are there and what are their names?

A

8 in total

4 Maxillary: Maxillary Right & Left 1st premolar. Maxillary Right & Left 2nd premolar

4 Mandibular: Mandibular Right & Left 1st premolar. Mandibular Right & Left 2nd premolar.

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15
Q

Are premolars seen in permanent dentition? Yes or No

A

Yes

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16
Q

If Yes do they replace anything?

A

Deciduous molars

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17
Q

Are premolars grinding or cutting teeth?

A

Grinding

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18
Q

How many molars are there and what are their names?

A

12 in total.

Maxillary: Maxillary Right & Left 1st molar, Maxillary Right & Left 2nd molar, Maxillary Right & Left 3rd molar

Mandibular: Mandibular Right & Left 1st molar, Mandibular Right & Left 2nd molar, Mandibular Right & Left 3rd molar.

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19
Q

Which tooth nomenclature system uses 2-digits?

A

FDI System

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20
Q

What does the 1st number indicate in the FDI System?

A

The 1st number indicates the quadrant. Moves in a clock work fashion.

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21
Q

What does the 2nd number indicate in the FDI System?

A

The 2nd number indicates the tooth number. 1 starts at the midline for both the maxillary and mandibular teeth.

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22
Q

Using the FDI System, what do 46, 32, 11, 28 & 14 represent?

A

Mandibular Right 1st Molar, Mandibular Left Lateral Incisor, Maxillary Right Central Incisor, Maxillary Left 3rd Molar & Maxillary Right 1st Premolar

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23
Q

Describe the Zsigmondy/Palmer Notation System.

A

The Maxilla and Mandible are divided into 4 quadrants. Each tooth within the quadrants are numbered 1 to 8 starting at the central incisor.

The number is surrounded by a quadrant symbol.

24
Q

What is the Apex?

A

The Apex is the tip of the tooth root.

25
Q

What is the Incisal edge?

A

The Incisal edgeis the biting edge of an incisor or canine.

26
Q

In the FDI nomenclature, what does 17, 45 & 22 mean?

A

Maxillary Right 2nd Molar, Mandibular Right 2nd Premolar, Maxillary Left Lateral Incisor

27
Q

What is the anatomical and clinical crown?

A

The anatomical crown to the part of the tooth which is covered by enamel. The clinical crown is the observable portion of the crown.

28
Q

What does the Labial surface mean? which teeth have a labial surface?

A

Labial means relating to the lips. The labial surface of a tooth is the surface adjacent to the lips. The labial surfaces are on the anterior teeth: Canines & Incisors

29
Q

What does the Buccal surface mean? Which teeth have a buccal surface?

A

T.he Buccal surface of the tooth is the surface facing the cheeks. The posterior teeth have a buccal surface. The premolars and molars

30
Q

Palatal surface means?

A

Towards or adjacent to the palate (maxillary teeth)

31
Q

Lingual surface means?

A

Towards or adjacent to the tongue (mandibular teeth)

32
Q

Proximal surfaces are the surfaces….

A

facing towards adjoining teeth in the same dental arch

33
Q

Mesial surface..

A

proximal surfaces faced towards the median line

34
Q

Distal surfaces…

A

proximal surfaces most distal (furthest away) to the median line

35
Q

What are the incisal surfaces?

A

The surfaces of the incisors or canines which come into contact with the opposing jaw.

36
Q

What are the occlusal surfaces?

A

The surfaces of the premolars and molars that come into contact with those of the opposing jaw.

37
Q

The root is split into thirds, what are the sections called?

A

The Apical, Middle & Cervical.

Apical = the apex of the root (root tip)
Middle = Middle of the root
Cervical = the area at the neck of the root which forms a junction between the tooth root and the crown
38
Q

The crown (Incisors and canines) is split in 3/3/3, what are the sections called.

A

The labial aspect of the crown (top to bottom) goes:

Cervical: The junction between the root and the enamel.
Middle: The middle of the crown.
Incisal: The cutting edge of the incisor or canine.

The labial aspect going from right - left:

Distal: Furthest away from the midline.
Middle: In the middle of the tooth
Mesial: facing towards the midline/closest to it

The proximal aspect (sideview) going from back to front:

Lingual: The portion of the crown adjacent to the palate (palatal :maxillary) or tongue (lingual:mandibular)

Middle: in the middle of the proximal aspect

Labial: The front of the tooth facing towards the lips

39
Q

The crowns for premolars and molars are split into 3/3/3. What are the names?

A

Roots the same as incisors and canines…

The labial aspect going from bottom to top is:

The cervical: the junction between the tooth enamel and the root.
The middle: The middle of the tooth.
Occlusal: The biting surface of the posterior teeth.

The other labial aspects are called:

Distal: facing away/furthest side away from the midline.
Middle: Middle of the tooth.
Mesial: Facing towards/closest to the midline.

Proximal Aspect of the teeth:

Buuccal: Side facing the cheeks
Middle: The middle of the tooth
Lingual/Palatal: Side of the tooth facing the tongue/palate

40
Q

Tooth Surfaces: What is a cusp?

A

The cusp is an elevation/pointed or rounded projection of the crown; making up a divisional part of the occlusal surface.

41
Q

Tooth Surfaces: What is a ridge?

A

Linear elevations on the surface of a tooth and its named in accordance to its location.

42
Q

Tooth Surfaces: What is a Marginal ridge?

A

Rounded boarders of the enamels that form the proximal (sides boarding the other teeth) margins of the occlusual surfaces of the premolars and molars and the proximal margins of the lingual surfaces of the anterior teeth.

43
Q

Tooth Surfaces: What is the Tubercle?

A

A smaller elevation on some portion of the crown produced by an extra formation of enamel

44
Q

Tooth Surfaces: What is the Cingulum (CI)

A

A small protuberance/lobe in the cervical 3rd of the lingual or palatal aspect of an anterior incisor or canine tooth

45
Q

Tooth Surfaces: What is a manelon?

A

A small rounded protuberance found on incisor ridges of newly erupted teeth. Up to 3: Distal/Middle/mesial manelon

46
Q

Tooth Surfaces: What is a lobe?

A

One of the primary sections of formation in the development of the crown.

47
Q

Tooth Surfaces: What are the triangular ridges (TR)?

A

Ridges which descend from the tips of the cusp of posterior teeth towards the central part of the occlusal surfaces. They are named after the cusps to which they belong

48
Q

Tooth Surfaces: What is a transverse Ridge (Trans R)?

A

The union of 2 triangular ridges crossing transversely to which they belong.

49
Q

Tooth Surfaces: What is a Oblique Ridge?

A

A ridge crossing obliquely (slanted) the occlusal surfaces of maxillary molars and formed by the union of the triangular ridge of the distobuccal (DB) CUSP and the distal cusp ridge of the mesiopalatal (MP) cusp

50
Q

A Fossa is a?

A

Irregular depression or concavity (concave groove)

51
Q

A Lingual fossae (LF) is a?

A

Irregular depression on the lingual surface of an incisor.

For Canines you’ll have a distolingual fossa and a mesiolingual fossa seperated by a lingual ridge

52
Q

Tooth Structure: What is a central fossae (CF)?

A

The occlusal surface of molars. Formed by convergence of the ridges termination at a central point in the bottom of the depression where there is a junction of grooves.

53
Q

Tooth Structure: What is a Triangular fossae (TF)?

A

A TF is found on occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth mesial or distal to marginal ridges. Sometimes on palatal surfaces of maxillary incisors at the edge of the lingual fossae where the marginal ridge (MR) and the cingulum (CI) meet.

54
Q

Tooth Surfaces: What is a sulcus (S)?

A

A Sulcus is a long depression or valley in the surface of a tooth between ridges and cusps, the inclines of which meet at an angle. A sulcus has a developmental groove at the junction of its inclines.

A developmental groove is a sharply defined, narrow and linear depression; separating lobes or major portions of a tooth.

55
Q

Tooth Surfaces: What is a developmental groove (DG)?

A

A shallow groove or line between the primary parts of the crown or root.

56
Q

Tooth Surfaces: What is a supplemental groove (SG)?

A

A shallow linear depression on the surface of a tooth (supplemental to a developmental groove and does not mark the junction of primary parts)

57
Q

Tooth Surfaces: What is a Pit (P)?

A

A pit is a small pinpoint depression located a the junction of developmental grooves or at terminals of those grooves

Oral Biology (33 decks)

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