Introduction to the Pelvis and Perineum; Anal Triangle | B2 WK4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 bones of the os coxae?

A
  1. Ilium
  2. Ischium
  3. Pubis
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2
Q

What separates the true pelvis from the false pelvis?

A

Pelvic inlet

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3
Q

What is inferior to the pelvic inlet and contains pelvic viscera?

A

True (lesser) pelvis

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4
Q

What is superior to the pelvic inlet and contains inferior abdominal viscera?

A

False (grater) pelvis

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5
Q

The linea terminalis, or pelvic brim, consists of what?

A
  1. Pubic crest
  2. Pectineal line (pecten pubis)
  3. Arcuate line
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6
Q

Describe the subpubic angle for a testosterone drive and estrogen-driven pelvis

A

Testosterone: Smaller angle
Estrogen: wider angle

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7
Q

Which pelvis is heart-shaped and has a small pelvic outlet

A

Testosterone driven

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8
Q

Which pelvis is oval-shaped and has a large pelvic outlet

A

Estrogen Driven

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9
Q

The presences of sacrospinous ligament and sacro-tuberous ligament convert the greater & lesser sciatic notch into…

A

Greater & lesser sciatic foramen

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10
Q

What travels through the obturator canal

A

Obturator Aa + N

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11
Q

What ligament helps to prevent sacral flexion?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

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12
Q

What ligament helps to prevent sacral extension?

A

Posterior sacroiliac ligament

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13
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

T12, L1-L4

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14
Q

Lumbosacral trunk

A

L4-L5

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15
Q

Sacral plexus

A

S1-S4

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16
Q

Coccygeal plexus

17
Q

The lumbar plexus originates posterior to?

A

Psoas major m.

18
Q

What are the main nerves of the lumbar plexus?

A

-Subcostal nerve (T12)
-Iliohypogastric nerve (L1)
-Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
-Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (L2-L3)
-Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
-Genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2)
-Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

19
Q

What are the spinal nerves of the sacral plexus?

A

“SIPP”
1. Superior gluteal N
2. Inferior gluteal N
3. Posterior cutaneous N of thigh (post. cutaneous N)
4. Pudendal N.

20
Q

Voluntary sphincters of pelvis and perineum are controlled by what nerve?

A

Pudendal N

21
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nerves are…

A

Parasymphatetic

22
Q

Sacral splanchnic nerves are…

A

Symphatetic

23
Q

Describe innervation of the urinary bladder

A

-Autonomic nerves innervate detrusor muscle and internal urethral sphincter
-Somatic nerves innervate the external urethral sphincter (UG diaphragm)

24
Q

Pelvic diaphragm = ________________ + ________________

A

Levator Ani Muscles + Coccygeus muscles

25
Levator Ani Muscle = ________________ + ________________ + ________________
Puborectalis m Pubococcygeus m Iliococcygeus m
26
What muscle relaxes during defication?
Puborectalis
27
What is the perineum?
The area where everything "empties out"
28
What two triangles make the perineum?
1. Urogenital (UG) triangle 2. Anal triangle
29
What are the boundaries of the UG triangle?
-Pubic symphsis -Ischiopubic rami -Line connecting ischial tuberosities
30
What are the boundaries of the anal triangle?
-Coccyx -Sarcotuberous ligament -Line connecting ischial tuberosities
31
What is the central tendon of the perineum derived from?
Embryological urorectal septum
32
What are the boundaries of the ischioanal fossa?
Lateral: Obturator internus Medial: External anal sphincter and levator ani Anterior: line connecting ischial tuberosities Posterior: Gluteus Maximus
33
Contects of ischioanal fossa
Fat & Inf. rectal vessels and nerves
34
What is the function of the ischioanal fossa?
Permits distension of anal canal dring defecation
35
What is found within the pudendal canal?
-Pudenal Nerve -Internal pudendal vessels -N. to obturator internus