Introduction To The Nervous System Flashcards
Chemicals released by neurons that stimulate other neurons, muscles, or glands
Neurotransmitters
Releases neurotransmitters
Axon terminal
Gaps in the myelin sheath
Nodes of Ranvier
Conducts an electrical current towards the cell body
Dendrite
Increases the speed of impulse transmission
Myelin
Location of the nucleus
Cell body
Conducts impulses away from the cell body
Axon
Junction or point of close contact between neurons
Synapse
Neuron that served and part of the conduction pathway between sensory and motor neurons
Association neurons
Neuron that conducts impulses away from the CNS to the muscles and glands
Motor (efferent neuron)
Changes occurring within the body that affect the nervous system function
Stimuli
Neuron found in the brain or spinal cord
Sensory neuron
Neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery
Sensory neuron
All neuroglia found in the CNS
Astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglial cells, oligodendrocytes
All neuroglia found in the PNS
Schwann cells and satellite cells
Most common neuroglia in the CNS
Astrocytes
Protect and cushion nerve fibers in the PNS
Satellite cells
Ciliated neuroglia that circulate cerebrospinal fluid
Ependymal
Connects neurons to capillaries in the brain and spinal cord
Astrocytes
Phagocytes in the CNS, cleaning up bacteria and dead brain cells
Microglial cells
Neuroglia that helps control the chemical environment of the brain and spinal cord
Astrocytes
Specialized cells that myelinate the fibers of neurons found in the PNS
Schwann cells
Specialized cells and get myelinate the fibers of neurons found in the CNS
Oligodendrocytes
How many pairs of cranial nerves are in the human body?
12
What is the longest cranial nerve?
Vagus
What does the vagus control
Heart rate
How many pairs of spinal nerves are in the human body?
31
What is the longest spinal nerve in the body?
Sciatic
What does the sciatic nerve control?
Supplies feeling to the lower back and legs
