Digestive System Test Flashcards
aliment-
nourish
cardi(o)
heart
gastr(o)
stomach
ruga-
wrinkle
sphincter-
gatekeeper
Name the organs of the digestive system (without accessory organs)
mouth pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine
Name the accessory organs
tongue salivary glands pancreas liver gallbladder
What is an accessory organ?
An organ that aides in digestion but is not part of the digestive tract
What are the six functions of the digestive system?
- Ingestion
- Secretion of fluids and digestive enzymes
- Mixing and movement of food and wastes through the body
- Digestion of food into smaller pieces
- Absorption of nutrients
- Excretion of wastes
What is ingestion?
The taking in of food to the mouth
What is propulsion?
Moving food from one organ to the next
What is digestion?
Breaking food into absorbable units
What is absorption?
The moving of nutrients from the lumen of the digestive tract into the blood or lymph
How much absorption occurs between the mouth and the esophagus?
Very little
What are the monomers of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What are the monomers of proteins
Amino acids
What are the monomers of lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What are the different types of carbohydrates?
Sugars, starches, cellulose
What are the different types of lipids?
Saturated fats, unsaturated fats, cholesterol
What are the different types of proteins?
Complete and incomplete
What types of foods contain carbohydrates?
Cereal, crackers, etc
What types of foods contain lipids?
Milk, cheese, etc (saturated fat solid at room temperature)
What types of foods contain proteins?
Lipids
Serous membranes have how many layers of epithelial cells?
2
What is the outermost layer of the alimentary canal?
The serosa
What is the function of the peritoneum?
Supports the abdominal organs
What is the protective layer of the alimentary canal?
Mesentary
What is the function of the lesser omentum?
Runs from the liver to the duodenum at the top of the small intestine
What is the function of the greater omentum/
Large fold which hangs down from stomach to protect abdominal organs
What are the structures of the oral cavity?
Hard palate, soft palate, uvula, tonsils, buccinators
What is a vestibule?
The area between the teeth, lips, and cheeks
What is the lingual frenulum?
The thing that anchors your tongue to your mouth
What are the papillae?
Muscles which help you chew?
What is the function of the cardioesophageal sphincter?
The sphincter between the stomach and the esophagus which prevents the contents of the stomach from entering the esophagus
What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
The sphincter between the stomach and small intestine that controls the release of chyme into the small intestine
What are the rugae?
Folds of the stomach which allow it to expand
