Introduction to the heart and pericardium

Question 1

What are the two sinuses of the heart

Answer 1

Transverse

Oblique

Question 2

What sinus is significant in surgery

Answer 2

Transverse

Question 3

What openings are there in the aorta

Answer 3

Left and right aortic sinus

Question 4

How many cusps are there in the aorta

Answer 4

3

Question 5

What do the aortic sinuses do

Answer 5

Feed into the left and right coronary arteries

Question 6

Where is the anterior interventricular branch

Answer 6

LHS of heart and branches to the ventricle

Question 7

What is the branch of the left coronary artery that goes round he heart

Answer 7

Circumflex branch

Question 8

What branch of the right coronary artery goes on the margin of the heart

Answer 8

Right marginal branch

Question 9

What is the large coronary vein that runs posterior to the heart called

Answer 9

Coronary sinus

Question 10

Where does the coronary sinus empty into

Answer 10

Right atrium

Question 11

what are the rough parts of the right atrium called

Answer 11

Pectinate

Question 12

What is the ridge that separates the rough from the smooth part of the right atrium

Answer 12

Crista terminalis

Question 13

What is mitral valve

Answer 13

Valve between left atrium and and left ventricle

Question 14

What is pericarditis

Answer 14

Inflammation of pericardium when you get an infection of the pericardium

Question 15

What is cardiac tamponade

Answer 15

If someone has a trauma to the chest wall and the coronary artery gets perforated, then with each heart beat blood goes out of the aorta and goes into pericardial sac and the heart gets squished because the pericardial sac is non distensible

Question 16

What is triple heart bypass

Answer 16

the arteries which are most likely to get occluded are

• Circumflex branch
• Right coronary artery
• Anterior interventricular branch

In the vast majority of cases, the artery most likely to get occluded is the anterior interventricular branch

Question 17

Where are the papillary muscles in the heart

Answer 17

Ventricles

Question 18

Where do the papillary muscles attach

Answer 18

cusps of the atrioventricular valves via the chordae tendinae

Question 19

What do the papillary muscles do

Answer 19

Contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of the atrioventricular valves during systole

Question 20

What are the trabeculae carnae

Answer 20

Spongy like muscles which are projections from the inner surface of the right and left ventricles

Question 21

Function of trabeculae carnae

Answer 21

Pull the chordae tendinae in contraction which prevents the inversion of bicuspid and tricuspid valves

Question 22

Where is the moderator band found

Answer 22

right ventricle

Question 23

What does the moderator band do

Answer 23

carries part of the right bundle branch of the AV bundle of the conduction system of the heart to the anterior papillary muscle

Question 24

What are the musculi pectinati and where are they found

Answer 24

parallel ridges in the walls of the atria of the heart

Question 25

Function of musculi pectinate

Answer 25

pectinate muscles are useful in increasing the power of contraction without increasing heart mass substantially

Question 26

What is the ligaments arteriosum

Answer 26

small ligament that is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus formed within three weeks after birth

Question 27

Where does the ligamentum arteriosum attach to at the superior end

Answer 27

aorta (final part of the aortic arch or the first part of the descending aorta)

Question 28

Where does the vagus nerve go

Answer 28

Behind the arch of the aorta

Question 29

Difference between tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral) valve

Answer 29

Tricuspid- between right atrium and right ventricle

Bicuspid- between left atrium and left ventricle