Introduction to the heart and pericardium Flashcards
What are the two sinuses of the heart
Transverse
Oblique
What sinus is significant in surgery
Transverse
What openings are there in the aorta
Left and right aortic sinus
How many cusps are there in the aorta
3
What do the aortic sinuses do
Feed into the left and right coronary arteries
Where is the anterior interventricular branch
LHS of heart and branches to the ventricle
What is the branch of the left coronary artery that goes round he heart
Circumflex branch
What branch of the right coronary artery goes on the margin of the heart
Right marginal branch
What is the large coronary vein that runs posterior to the heart called
Coronary sinus
Where does the coronary sinus empty into
Right atrium
what are the rough parts of the right atrium called
Pectinate
What is the ridge that separates the rough from the smooth part of the right atrium
Crista terminalis
What is mitral valve
Valve between left atrium and and left ventricle
What is pericarditis
Inflammation of pericardium when you get an infection of the pericardium
What is cardiac tamponade
If someone has a trauma to the chest wall and the coronary artery gets perforated, then with each heart beat blood goes out of the aorta and goes into pericardial sac and the heart gets squished because the pericardial sac is non distensible
What is triple heart bypass
the arteries which are most likely to get occluded are
- Circumflex branch
- Right coronary artery
- Anterior interventricular branch
In the vast majority of cases, the artery most likely to get occluded is the anterior interventricular branch
Where are the papillary muscles in the heart
Ventricles
Where do the papillary muscles attach
cusps of the atrioventricular valves via the chordae tendinae
What do the papillary muscles do
Contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of the atrioventricular valves during systole
What are the trabeculae carnae
Spongy like muscles which are projections from the inner surface of the right and left ventricles
Function of trabeculae carnae
Pull the chordae tendinae in contraction which prevents the inversion of bicuspid and tricuspid valves
Where is the moderator band found
right ventricle
What does the moderator band do
carries part of the right bundle branch of the AV bundle of the conduction system of the heart to the anterior papillary muscle
What are the musculi pectinati and where are they found
parallel ridges in the walls of the atria of the heart
Function of musculi pectinate
pectinate muscles are useful in increasing the power of contraction without increasing heart mass substantially
What is the ligaments arteriosum
small ligament that is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus formed within three weeks after birth
Where does the ligamentum arteriosum attach to at the superior end
aorta (final part of the aortic arch or the first part of the descending aorta)
Where does the vagus nerve go
Behind the arch of the aorta
Difference between tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral) valve
Tricuspid- between right atrium and right ventricle
Bicuspid- between left atrium and left ventricle
