Introduction to the cardiovascular system (self-directed)

Question 1

What is left sided cardiac failure often associated with

Answer 1

Raised blood pressure (hypertension) or ischaemic heart disease

Question 2

How does left sided cardiac failure affect the lungs

Answer 2

Blood backs up in lungs and leads to pulmonary oedema which makes breathing difficult (initially only during exercise, but progresses to occur at rest)

Question 3

What sided failure causes orthopnoea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

Answer 3

Left sided

Question 4

Why is right sided failure associated with lower output

Answer 4

Due to raised pressure in lungs or valvular disease

Question 5

What is the consequence of right sided failure

Answer 5

Blood backs up in the tissues, leading to peripheral oedema, ascites (abnormal fluid buildup in abdomen), and liver enlargement

Question 6

What is atherosclerosis a disease of

Answer 6

Larger arteries (common in coronary and carotid arteries)

Question 7

Symptoms of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries

Answer 7

Angina (chest pain)

Question 8

Symptoms of atherosclerosis in the carotid artery

Answer 8

Slurred speech, muscle weakness

Question 9

Symptoms of atherosclerosis in renal artery

Answer 9

Hypertension (renal stenosis)

Question 10

Symptoms of atherosclerosis in arms-legs

Answer 10

Muscular pain on exercise

Question 11

Consequence of hypertension in heart

Answer 11

• Left ventricular hypertrophy
• Heart failure
• MYocardial ischaemia/infarction

Question 12

Consequence of hypertension in brain

Answer 12

Stroke

Question 13

Consequence of hypertension in aorta

Answer 13

Aneurysm

Question 14

Consequence of hypertension in aorta

Answer 14

Aneurysm

Question 15

Consequence of hypertension in kidney

Answer 15

Renal failure

Question 16

Consequence of hypertension In retina

Answer 16

Haemorrhage