introduction to the Cell Flashcards
(26 cards)
is regarded as the “unit basic of life”
Cell
The term “cell” was coined by blank based on his microscopic observation of a piece of cork.
Robert Hooke
What are the Cell Theories
All organisms are made up of cells.
Cells are the unit of organization of all organisms.
Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Who proposed LUCA?
Wolfram Zilig
Is the very first true cells, a single-celled organism that is believed to be the origin of all life on earth.
LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor)
LUCA is otherwise known as?
Progenotes
Are those organized specialized structures that are found in a living cell.
Organelles
Several organelles are always found in all types of eukaryotic cells and there are also those that are uniquely found in certain types of eukaryotic cells.
False
Is for the storage genetic information and assembly of ribosome units. It has a double membrane called an envelope.
Nucleus
In the envelope are openings called?
Nuclear pores
Do not have a membrane and are a complex of RNA and proteins. It functions for protein synthesis specifically translation.
Ribosome
Is bound by a single membrane that contains receptor for the entry of selected proteins. It functions for protein synthesis and processing.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Is also bounded by a single membrane that contains enzymes for synthesizing phospholipids.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Is also bounded by a single membrane that contains receptor for products of rough ER. Composed of a stack flattened cisternae. Functions for processing protein, Lipids, and organic compounds.
Golgi Apparatus
Is the digestion and recycling of the cell. It contains proton pumps. Inside are acid hydrolases that catalyze hydrolysis reactions or the breakdown of organic compounds.
Lysosomes
Functions for the oxidation of fatty acids, ethanol and other compounds. A single membrane that contains transporter for the selected macromolecules. Inside are enzymes that catalyzes oxidation reactions like Catalase that processes peroxides.
Peroxisomes
It could contain compound for coloration like pigments or could be a storage of oils, carbohydrates water or toxins. It is covered by a single membrane that contains transporter for selected molecules.
Vacuoles
Is regarded as the “powerhouse of the cell” because the energy in the form of ATP is produced here, Bound by a double membrane.
Mitochondrion (singular for mitochondria)
Is the primary source of energy used to fuel various cellular processes.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Functions for the production of ATP and sugars via photosynthesis. Contains pigment that harvest light energy and enzymes that catalyzes redox reactions.
Chloroplast
Is not enclosed in a membrane. It is composed of actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubule. It is function for structural support, movement of materials within the cell.
Cytoskeleton
It is a single membrane composed of phospholipid bilayer that contains transport and receptor proteins.
Plasma membrane
plasma membrane is also known as?
Cell membrane
Provides protection and structural support to certain types of cells. It is not membrane-bound. It is composed of carbohydrates fibers running through a carbohydrate or protein mass.
Cell wall
