Introduction to strabismus and amblyopia

Question 1

amblyopia is a _____ disorder
_____ not congenital
more of a ______ problem than an eye problem

Answer 1

developmental
acquired
brain

Question 2

when is the critical period

Answer 2

begin around 3-4 months and slowly declines around 6-8 years

Question 3

eye is resistant to amblyogenic event, but remains modifiable

Answer 3

plasticity

Question 4

rule out ocular pathology as a cause of the decreased acuity by at least performing thorough internal and external health eval w/ DFE

Answer 4

exclusion

Question 5

must be able to document a specific etiology for the amblyopia such as refractive error, strabismus, form deprivatoin

Answer 5

inclusion

Question 6

reduced VA 2ndary to pathology may result in an eye that drifts out

Answer 6

sensory exotropia

Question 7

constant, unilateral, and present before age 7

-eso vs exo

Answer 7

amblyogenic strabismus

Question 8

significat difference in refractive error between the 2 eyes

Answer 8

anisometropia

Question 9

significant bilateral refractive error

Answer 9

isoametropia

Question 10

blurs visual stimuli in a specific orientation depending on the refractive error and axis

Answer 10

meridional amblyopia

amblyogenic astigmatism

Question 11

what is the refractive error needed for a hyperope with anisometropia? isometropia?

Answer 11

> 1D

>5D

Question 12

what is the refractive error needed for myopia w/ anisometropia? isometropia?

Answer 12

> 3D

> 8D

Question 13

what is the refractive error needed for astigmatism for anisometropia? isometropia?

Answer 13

> 1.5D

> 2.5 D

Question 14

most amblyopia will result in acuity loss in the range of ….

Answer 14

20/30 - 20/100

Question 15

most strabismic amblyopia is worse and can result in acuity loss in the range of up to

Answer 15

20/200 or rarely 20/400

Question 16

if there is no improvement in the treatment then…

1. 2. 3.

Answer 16

1. incorrect diagnosis
2. wrong rx
3. compliance
   SHOULD NEVER GET WORSE

Question 17

a type of amblyopia that is the most severe. physical obstacle to visual stimuli

Answer 17

deprivation amblyopia

Question 18

treatment for amblyope

Answer 18

1. rx

2. occlusion

Question 19

under binocular conditions, the fovea of one eye is looking in a different place than the fovea of the other

Answer 19

strabismus

Question 20

why does strabismus occur?

Answer 20

something breaks down fusion

Question 21

why does strabismus occur? 3 things

Answer 21

1. idiopathic
2. sensory -vision degrade in one eye. clarity, size and/or quality
3. mototr - eye movement restricted. neurological, innervational and or physical

Question 22

2 things to remember about cover test

Answer 22

1. slow down

2. monitor head posture

Question 23

what are the 2 frequencies

what are the 2 lateralities of strabismus

Answer 23

intermittent vs constant

right, left, or alternating

Question 24

esos can e ______
exos can be ______
verticals are typicall ______

Answer 24

small, moderate or large
moderate or large
small

Question 25

equal magnitude in all positions of gaze for a given testing distance

Answer 25

comitant

Question 26

change in magnitude > 5 PD in one particular gaze for a given testing

Answer 26

non-comitant

Question 27

what will strabismus that occurs when visual system is immature

Answer 27

suppression

Question 28

what will strabismus that occurs when the visual system is mature

Answer 28

dipolopia

Question 29

what is the cuase of strabismus

what is the consequence of strabismus

Answer 29

sensory strabismus

strabismic amblyopia

Question 30

what will a significant difference in refractive error between the 2 eyes result in

Answer 30

breakdown of fusion as a result of difference in calirty

Question 31

uncorrected hyperopia may result in a breakdown in fusion because of the ___

Answer 31

overburden of accommodative convergence

Question 32

same as EOMs, excellent at detecting restrictions or overactsion

Answer 32

version

Question 33

monocular eoms ok at detecting restrictions, doesnt detect overactions

Answer 33

ductions