Introduction to strabismus and amblyopia Flashcards
amblyopia is a _____ disorder
_____ not congenital
more of a ______ problem than an eye problem
developmental
acquired
brain
when is the critical period
begin around 3-4 months and slowly declines around 6-8 years
eye is resistant to amblyogenic event, but remains modifiable
plasticity
rule out ocular pathology as a cause of the decreased acuity by at least performing thorough internal and external health eval w/ DFE
exclusion
must be able to document a specific etiology for the amblyopia such as refractive error, strabismus, form deprivatoin
inclusion
reduced VA 2ndary to pathology may result in an eye that drifts out
sensory exotropia
constant, unilateral, and present before age 7
-eso vs exo
amblyogenic strabismus
significat difference in refractive error between the 2 eyes
anisometropia
significant bilateral refractive error
isoametropia
blurs visual stimuli in a specific orientation depending on the refractive error and axis
meridional amblyopia
amblyogenic astigmatism
what is the refractive error needed for a hyperope with anisometropia? isometropia?
> 1D
>5D
what is the refractive error needed for myopia w/ anisometropia? isometropia?
> 3D
> 8D
what is the refractive error needed for astigmatism for anisometropia? isometropia?
> 1.5D
> 2.5 D
most amblyopia will result in acuity loss in the range of ….
20/30 - 20/100
most strabismic amblyopia is worse and can result in acuity loss in the range of up to
20/200 or rarely 20/400
if there is no improvement in the treatment then…
1. 2. 3.
- incorrect diagnosis
- wrong rx
- compliance
SHOULD NEVER GET WORSE
a type of amblyopia that is the most severe. physical obstacle to visual stimuli
deprivation amblyopia
treatment for amblyope
- rx
2. occlusion
under binocular conditions, the fovea of one eye is looking in a different place than the fovea of the other
strabismus
why does strabismus occur?
something breaks down fusion
why does strabismus occur? 3 things
- idiopathic
- sensory -vision degrade in one eye. clarity, size and/or quality
- mototr - eye movement restricted. neurological, innervational and or physical
2 things to remember about cover test
- slow down
2. monitor head posture
what are the 2 frequencies
what are the 2 lateralities of strabismus
intermittent vs constant
right, left, or alternating
esos can e ______
exos can be ______
verticals are typicall ______
small, moderate or large
moderate or large
small
