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PPO > Health Entrance 2-EOM > Flashcards

Health Entrance 2-EOM Flashcards

1
Q

the action of a muscle referred to eye movements as a result of its

A

contraction

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2
Q

how can muscle actions be analyzed? by considering _______ applied to the globe

A

vector of force

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3
Q

waht is the major moving force of a muscle

A

primary action

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4
Q

what are the additional forces based on the muscles orientation

A

secondary action

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5
Q

what are the functional origins of the eom, mucolofibroelastic tissues located posterior to tenon’s fascia

A

extraocular pulleys

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6
Q

what is the movement of one eye along one of the globe’s axis

A

duction

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7
Q

what are roations along the horizontal x axis

A

supraduction (elevatoin) and infraduction (depression)

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8
Q

what are rotations along the vertical z axis

A

adduction (inwards and abduction (outwards

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9
Q

what are both eyes moving towards the nose called

A

convergence

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10
Q

what are boy eyes moving outwards called

A

divergence

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11
Q

what is the movement of both eyes by the same distance and in the same direction

A

version

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12
Q

what is a pair of muscles that pulls one eye in the opposite directoin

A

antagonists

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13
Q

what is a pair of muscles that pulls one eye in the same direction

A

synergists

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14
Q

what is the increased contraction of an eom that is normally assoicated by dimished contraction of its antagonistic muscle

A

sherrington law of reciprocal innervation

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15
Q

what is the movement of one eye along the y axis )(run through center of the eye, through pupil)

A

torsion

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16
Q

waht is turning the upper part of your globe towards your nose

A

intorsion

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17
Q

what is turning the upper part of your globe towards your ear

A

extorsion

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18
Q

what happens when the MR is stimulated

A

adduction

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19
Q

what happens when the LR is stimualted

A

abduction

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20
Q

which muscles are stimulated for a left lateral gaze

A

RMR and LLR

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21
Q

what muscles are stimualated for a right lateral gaze

A

RLR LML

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22
Q

why are the vertical recti muscles more complcated

A

the walls of the orbit are not parallel to each other and the ir and sr are angled laterally at about 23 degrees from the sagittal plane

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23
Q

what happens when the SR is stimulated

A

elevation

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24
Q

what happens when the IR is stimulated

A

depression

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25
Q

what are the secondary actions of the SR

A

adduction and intorsion

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26
Q

what are the secondarya ctions of the IR

A

adduction and extorsion

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27
Q

if the SR was working in isolation, how would the eye be positioned

A

up, out, and rotated inwards

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28
Q

if the IR was working in isolation, how would the eye be positioned

A

down, out, and rotated outwards

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29
Q

what would the primary action of the So be

A

intorsion

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30
Q

what would the primary action of the IO be

A

extorsion

31
Q

what would the secondary actions of the SO be

A

abduction and depression

32
Q

what would the secondary actions of the IO be

A

abduction and elevation

33
Q

in the left gaze, which eom is the pure elevator, pure depressor, pure intorter, and pure extorter for the LEFT eye

A

LSR, LIR, LSO, LIO

34
Q

in the left gaze, which eom is the pure intorter, pure extorter, pure depressor, and pure elevator for the RIGHT eye

A

RSR, RIR, RSO, RIO

35
Q

what is the goal of eom testing

A

to isolate the actions of each eom

36
Q

what is a mild to moderate muscular weakness

A

muscle paresis

37
Q

what is a severe/complete loss of motor function

A

muscle paralysis

38
Q

which nerve does bells palsy affect

A

cn 3

39
Q

which eom mucles will bells palsy affect? what other muscles could be affected

A

IR, SR, MR, IO. and phincter of iris and levator palpebrae superioris

40
Q

what is the standard proceudce to test eom

A

doctor faces pt and instructs to look at a target (light) and the doctor moves around in a particular pattern (H, X)

41
Q

what are some disesases that cause the eom discomfort or pain

A

retrobulbar optic neuritis, orbital cellulitis, graves, myasthenia gravis

42
Q

what is diplopia

A

double vision

43
Q

for testing eom, how far away do you hold the light from the pt

A

40-60 cm

44
Q

with or without glasses for eom testing

A

without

45
Q

when using the double h and x patterns, how do you move the light

A

from center outwards until a distance euqal to distance patient (45 degrees)

46
Q

what are you looking for in eom testing

A

misalighnemt of eyes
updrift of downdrift of either eye
underaction or overaction of any eom

47
Q

what is the objective evaluation of binocularity using light reflected corne

A

hirschberg test

48
Q

in hirschberg, how far away is your light

A

50-100 cm

49
Q

where is the normal location of the lights reflection in the cornea

A

center of the pupil or slightly nasally displaced (0.5mm)

50
Q

if the corneal reflexes of the two eyes differs you have

A

strabismus

51
Q

how can you estimate the amount of deviation

A

1mm of displacement corresponds to 22 PD

52
Q

when screening eoms, the deviation in each position should remain nearly the same

A

within 5PD

53
Q

how do you record for eom

A 
normal: SAFE or FESA 
Full
Extensive
Smooth
Accurate
54
Q

what are the dimension for the E in FESA

A

upwards 35-40 degrees, downwards about 50 and nasally and temoporral about 40

55
Q

For screeenings, record eom (hirsberg) as…

A

Pass or REfer

56
Q

bilateral, involunatry and conjugate oscillation of eyes (typical jerky movemtn)

A

nystagmus

57
Q

what are 3 types of nystagmus

A
  1. phsyciological (normal)
  2. infantile or congenital (mild and non progressive, associated w/ disorders Downs, albinism)
  3. acquires (disease, trauma, drugs, neurogical disease)
58
Q

one eye is deviated and there is strabismus in the position of gaze wehre the pt saw double

A

binocular diplopia

59
Q

should you be able to objectively see the misalisgment with the hirschberg reflexes test for binocular diplopia?

A

yes

60
Q

why does the pt see double

A

bc different images reach corresponding parts on each retina

61
Q

when will the pt not report seeing double

A

when he is suprressing one image

62
Q

how can you discern binocular diplopia from nomocular

A

cover each eye alternatviely

63
Q

what is monocular diplopia caused by

A

disease. ex cataracts or a problem witht he light ur using (happens with penlights)

64
Q

a deviation of the same size, within 5 or fewer prism diopters

A

comitant

65
Q

deviation that differs by more than 5

A

noncomitnat

66
Q

what can a noncomitant deviation be an indication of

A

a serious, possibley life-threatening disease or neuropathology

67
Q

amount of deviationd etermined in all positions of gaze w/

A
  1. cover test
  2. maddox rod
  3. red lens test
68
Q

eyes turned out

A

exotropia

69
Q

what will you use to measure exotropia

A

prisms located w/ base towards nose

70
Q

eyes turned in

A

esotropia

71
Q

one eye deviated up

A

hypertropia

72
Q

waht will you use to measure esotripia

A

prisms located w/ base towards ear

73
Q

prism located w/ base down is what

A

hypertropia

74
Q

waht if a child has a result other than FESA

A

referred for full eye exam

PPO (14 decks)

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