Health Entrance Tests 2-pupils

Question 1

Anterior section of vascular tunic of the eye. in front of the lens and behind the cornea

Answer 1

iris

Question 2

aperature within the iris through which light penetrates into the eye

Answer 2

pupil

Question 3

persistent pupillary membrane

Answer 3

trace of embryologic mesoderm tissue

Question 4

trace of embryologic mesoderm tissue

Answer 4

persistent pupillar membrane (PPM)

Question 5

Epicapsular stars

Answer 5

persisent pigment of anterior surface of lens, dots on lens

Question 6

persisent pigment of anterior surface of lens

Answer 6

epicapsular stars

Question 7

mittendorf dot

Answer 7

on posterior surface of lens. one dot on crystallin lens

Question 8

mydrasis

Answer 8

dilation

Question 9

miosis

Answer 9

constriction

Question 10

anisocoria

Answer 10

different size pupil

Question 11

what do pupils do

Answer 11

1. control retinal illumination
2. facilitate light/dark adaptation
3. reduce optical aberrations
4. increase depth of focus

Question 12

what is the size of a pupil

Answer 12

1.1-8.5 mm

Question 13

waht is hippus

Answer 13

constantly changing pupil

Question 14

oscillations independent of illumination level, convergence of psychological state

Answer 14

hippus or pupillary unrest

Question 15

what does pupil size depend on

Answer 15

1. light intensity (ligher=smaller)
2. age (older=smaller)
3. emotional state

Question 16

what is amplitutde

Answer 16

the extent of the pupils response to light

Question 17

what does the amplitutde depend on

Answer 17

1. log intensity of light
2. eccentricity of photoreceptors (depends which photorecptors)
3. size of receptive field

Question 18

what will the parasympatheitc system to do the pupil

Answer 18

constrict

Question 19

what will the sympathic system do to the pupil

Answer 19

dilate

Question 20

what are afferent pathways

Answer 20

eyes to the CNS (brain)

Question 21

what are efferent pathways

Answer 21

from brain to the eye

Question 22

what is the iris

Answer 22

pigmented cells and muscle

Question 23

what is the sphincter

Answer 23

the annular band of smooth muscle that encircle pupillary border.

Question 24

what does the constriction of the sphicter do

Answer 24

miosos (constriction)

Question 25

waht is the sphicter innervated by

Answer 25

the sympathetic NS

Question 26

what is the dilator

Answer 26

myoepithelial cells taht run radially as a sheet in posterior iris

Question 27

what does constriction of the dilator do

Answer 27

mydrasis (dilate_

Question 28

what cuases the radial muscles to contract

Answer 28

the sympathetic stimulation

Question 29

what cuases the sphicter to contract

Answer 29

parasympathetic

Question 30

what kind of test is pupil testing

Answer 30

neuro-ophthalmologic

Question 31

which muscle is stronger of the spincter and dilator

Answer 31

spincter

Question 32

When changing view from distant to near, what do the eyes do (3)

Answer 32

1. converge 2. accommodate 3. pupils constrict

Question 33

what happens when the spincter is relaxed

Answer 33

mydrasis (dilate)

Question 34

what happens to the dilator (radial) when the sympathetic is excited

Answer 34

muscle contracts for dilation

Question 35

topicomide and cyclopentolate are parasympathetic antagonists, what do they do to the eye. which muscle is affected.

Answer 35

dilate. the iris sphincter is relaxed which leads to dilation

Question 36

phenylephrine is a sympathetic agonist, which eye muscle is affected and what happens to it

Answer 36

dilator (radial muscle) is contracted (shrank) to lead to dilation

Question 37

what is the sympathetic pupillary pathway mediated by

Answer 37

hypothalamus

Question 38

the sympathetic pupillary pathway does not ____ and it is ______

Answer 38

cross (decussate), ipsilateral (same side)

Question 39

what is pupil dilation mostly of

Answer 39

parasympatheic inhibition (spincter) and also symp excitation

Question 40

what are the characteristics of physiological anisocoria

Answer 40

1. long standning 2. no ptosis 3. no EOM abnormalities 4. normal responses to light (D&C) and near 5. asymmetry. equal bright=dim light

Question 41

in pathological aniscocoria, when the pt is in bright light, which pupil is the bad one? which pathway is affected?

Answer 41

the large pupil bc it cannot constrict. parasympathetic efferent pathway defect (spincter)

Question 42

in pathological aniscocoria, when the pt is in dim light, which pupil is the bad one? which pathway is affected?

Answer 42

the small pupil bc it can't dilate. sympathetic pathway defect

Question 43

what could cause anisocoria (bright light scenario where pupil cannot constrict) 3 things

Answer 43

1. damage to iris spincter 2. pharmacologic blockade 3. tonic pupils

Question 44

what is this disesease: - pupil doesn't contrist - most common - young women (20-40), - no ptosis, - no eom abnormalities, - near reaponse dimished - decreased near vision

Answer 44

adie's tonic pupil

Question 45

waht causes adie's tonic pupil. which pupil is affected and why.

Answer 45

the dilator muscle is affected. lesion of ciliary ganglion and short ciliary nerves. spont. arising -small pupil= bad eye (can't dilate)

Question 46

what is this disease: - ipsilateral abnormal EOM - large ipsilateral ptosis - fixed dilated pupil

Answer 46

acute CN 3-palsy

Question 47

what is this disease: - small pupil dilates poorly in dim light - mild ipsilateral ptosis - small pupil doesn't dilate

Answer 47

horners

Question 48

what is a grade 1 rapd

Answer 48

weak initial constriction followed by earlier release

Question 49

what is the grade: initial pupillary stall, no change, followed by dilation (escape)

Answer 49

grade 2

Question 50

what is the grade: no rxn to light, amaurotic (blind eye)

Answer 50

grade 4

Question 51

what is the grade: immeidate pupillary dilation

Answer 51

grade 3

Question 52

what is the grade: weak initial constriction followed by earlier release (dilation, escape)

Answer 52

grade 1