Introduction to RNA transcription mRNA processing Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a transcriptosome?

A

set of all RNA molecules
includes all mRNAs
varies on cell type

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2
Q

what is difference between dna and RNA structure?

A

hydroxyl group on 2’ C instead of just H
uracil instead of thymine

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3
Q

what does the added hydroxyl group mean?

A

more reactive than DNA
less stable
catalyst & transient molecule

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4
Q

why does RNA use uracil?

A

more abundant
avoid cytosine deamination

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5
Q

differences between dna and rna?

A

rna single stranded
rna form variety of 3D shapes
rna base pair with other nucleic acids

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6
Q

key aspects of RNA synthesis?

A

synthesised in 5’ to 3’ direction
RNA polymerase
3’ C where new nucleotides added onto
stands run antiparallel

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7
Q

the steps of RNA synthesis

A
  1. local unwinding of DNA
  2. nucleotides bind to template
  3. formation of phosphodiester bond
  4. loss of pyrophosphate releasing energy
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8
Q

what is mRNA processing?

A

processed before it leaves nucleus
premRNA -> mature mRNA

essential for stability
prevents degradation

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9
Q

steps of mRNA processing

A
  1. 5’ end capped with atypical nucleotide
  2. 3’ end tail of poly-A nucleotides
  3. Intrones removed
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10
Q

what is splicing?

A

removal of introns
happens as soon as RNA transcribed
removed by spliceosome
spliceosome able to bind to motifs, intron removed

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11
Q

what is alternative splicing?

A

splicing in different ways to give different isoforms for different cells
i.e. removal of different introns or exons in different ways

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12
Q

selective exporting

A

RNA binding proteins mark mature mRNA for export from nucleus
facilitate movement out of cell

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13
Q

mRNA degradation

A

mRNA translated many times
stability determines on how much protein translated
sequence determines its life length

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